ATI RN
Genitourinary System Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statement about retroviral protease inhibitors?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for choice D: Retroviral protease inhibitors, such as lopinavir and ritonavir, are correct because they are more active in inhibiting HIV replication than zidovudine (B) and they inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with many other drugs (C). Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Retroviral protease inhibitors do not act at an early step in HIV replication; they act by blocking the protease enzyme necessary for viral maturation. B: Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, not a protease inhibitor, so retroviral protease inhibitors are more potent against HIV. C: While retroviral protease inhibitors do inhibit CYP 3A4 and interact with other drugs, this statement alone does not capture the complete picture of their mechanism of action or potency compared to zidovudine.
Question 2 of 5
Superinfections are more common with:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because using antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can disrupt the balance of normal flora in the body, leading to superinfections. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria have different susceptibility patterns, so using a combination of antibiotics increases the likelihood of killing off a wider range of bacteria, including the beneficial ones. This disruption paves the way for opportunistic pathogens to overgrow and cause superinfections. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific bacteria, short courses of antibiotics reduce the risk of resistance and overgrowth, and antibiotics completely absorbed from the small intestines have minimal impact on gut flora compared to systemic antibiotics.
Question 3 of 5
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with BPH. He has tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor that reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, thereby shrinking the prostate gland and improving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer, not BPH. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen used in prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal drug and not indicated for BPH.
Question 4 of 5
A 75 year old man is suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy and is being treated with terazosin. Which of the following adverse reaction would be expected taking this drug?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orthostatic hypotension. Terazosin is an alpha-1 blocker commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy. It works by relaxing smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck. This relaxation can lead to vasodilation and subsequently cause a drop in blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is a common adverse reaction of alpha-1 blockers due to this mechanism. The other choices, A: Erectile dysfunction, C: GI distress, and D: Gynecomastia are not typically associated with terazosin use. Erectile dysfunction can actually be improved with alpha-1 blockers as they relax smooth muscle in the prostate, allowing for easier urination and potentially improved sexual function. GI distress and gynecomastia are not common side effects of terazosin.
Question 5 of 5
Intravenous furosemide is an alternative potent diuretic to Mannitol in the treatment of the following condition:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary edema. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used to treat pulmonary edema by reducing fluid overload in the lungs. It works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. This helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid accumulation in the lungs seen in pulmonary edema. Mannitol, on the other hand, is typically used for cerebral edema due to its osmotic diuretic properties. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as furosemide is not the preferred diuretic for cardiac, cerebral, or cirrhotic edema.