ATI RN
Muscular System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statement about cervical vertebrae [when comparing with thoracic vertebrae] is FALSE?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) differ from thoracic (T1-T12). They have smaller bodies, supporting the lighter head versus the thorax's trunk. Their spinous processes are shorter (except C7), aiding neck mobility, unlike thoracic's longer, downward-slanting ones for muscle attachment. Transverse processes are shorter but feature foramina transversaria for arteries, unlike thoracic's longer ones. However, cervical vertebrae have larger vertebral foramina to accommodate the spinal cord's cervical enlargement, not smaller this supports greater nerve output for upper limbs. The false statement is smaller foramina, as cervical design prioritizes cord space, distinguishing it from thoracic structure.
Question 2 of 5
The location of a muscle s insertion and origin can determine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A muscle's origin (fixed) and insertion (mobile) determine its action e.g., biceps originates on scapula, inserts on radius, flexing the elbow. Force depends on fiber type and size, not just attachments. Muscle names (e.g., flexor carpi) may reflect action or location, but origin-insertion directly dictates motion, not naming convention. Load capacity ties to training and physiology, not solely attachment points. Action derives from how bones move relative to these points, distinguishing it as the primary outcome, key for movement mechanics.
Question 3 of 5
The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rhomboid major and minor, retracting the scapula, lie deep to trapezius, a superficial back muscle covering them. Rectus abdominis is anterior, abdominal. Scalenes are in the neck, unrelated. Ligamentum nuchae, a neck ligament, aligns with deeper muscles but not rhomboids' position. Trapezius' superficiality over rhomboids distinguishes it, key for back layering.
Question 4 of 5
Deficiency of which vitamin can lead to irritability, loss of appetite, and beriberi?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin deficiencies cause specific symptoms based on their metabolic roles. Beriberi, characterized by muscle weakness, nerve damage, and heart issues, results from insufficient thiamine, a nutrient vital for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Found in whole grains, legumes, and nuts, thiamine deficiency leads to energy deficits, manifesting as irritability and appetite loss. Vitamin K aids clotting, its deficiency causing bleeding, not beriberi. Vitamin B12 supports nerve health and blood formation, with deficiency linked to anemia and neuropathy, not beriberi. Vitamin B6 assists protein metabolism, its lack causing dermatitis or seizures. Thiamine's unique role in energy production and its association with beriberi's distinct symptoms pinpoint it as the correct vitamin.
Question 5 of 5
Hydrogen can be prepared in the lab by combining Zn and HCl; the resulting reaction is metallic zinc:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the reaction Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂, zinc displaces hydrogen from hydrochloric acid. Zinc atoms react with HCl, taking hydrogen's place to form zinc chloride, releasing hydrogen gas. This single displacement reaction doesn't transmute zinc into another element, nor does it primarily involve water or catalysis zinc is a reactant, not a catalyst. The replacement of hydrogen, driven by zinc's higher reactivity, produces hydrogen gas, a classic lab method, highlighting chemical reactivity and gas evolution principles.