ATI RN
foundations in microbiology test bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which of the following stains is the most widely used differential stain in hematology laboratories?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kinyoun stain. This stain is the most widely used differential stain in hematology labs because it is specifically designed for acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It differentiates these bacteria from others based on their cell wall composition. Carbolfuchsin stain (A) is used for acid-fast bacteria in microbiology. Wright's stain (B) is used for blood cell morphology. Ziehl-Neelsen stain (C) is also used for acid-fast bacteria but is less commonly used compared to Kinyoun stain in hematology labs.
Question 2 of 9
The suffix -virales is given to the following terms within the taxon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Order. The suffix -virales is used in virology to denote the order level in the taxonomy of viruses. Orders are higher taxonomic ranks compared to species, family, and genus. The suffix -virales is specifically assigned to virus orders, making choice B the correct one. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because the suffix -virales does not apply to species, family, or genus in the taxonomic classification of viruses.
Question 3 of 9
Which strain E. coli can cause bloody diarrhea in children similar to shigellosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: EIEC. This strain of E. coli can cause bloody diarrhea in children similar to shigellosis due to its ability to invade and replicate within the intestinal epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and bloody stools. ETEC (A) causes watery diarrhea due to enterotoxins. EAEC (C) causes persistent diarrhea. EPEC (D) causes attaching and effacing lesions on the intestinal mucosa without invasion.
Question 4 of 9
The mold responsible for the production of penicillin belongs to the subgroup of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ascomycota. Penicillin is produced by the mold Penicillium, which belongs to the phylum Ascomycota. Ascomycota is known for its sac-like structures called asci that contain ascospores. Penicillium produces penicillin as a defense mechanism against bacteria. Basidiomycota (A) are known for producing mushrooms, Zygomycota (C) includes bread molds like Rhizopus, and Deuteromycota (D) is a classification for fungi with no known sexual reproductive stage.
Question 5 of 9
The phagocytosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because phagocytosis refers to the process where certain host cells engulf and destroy microorganisms. This is an essential mechanism of the immune system to eliminate pathogens. Choice A is incorrect because phagocytosis does not involve the use of antibiotics. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a different mechanism of action against bacteria. Choice D is incorrect because phagocytosis is a well-established biological process.
Question 6 of 9
A 60-year-old patient was hospitalized to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbenicillin disodium. Carbenicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin that has marked activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is due to its extended spectrum of activity and increased stability against beta-lactamases produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbenicillin is commonly used to treat infections caused by this bacterium. Choice B: Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) has limited activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Choice C: Methicillin is not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Choice D: Oxacillin also has limited activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In summary, Carbenicillin is the correct choice due to its marked activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to the other penicillins listed.
Question 7 of 9
The bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for causing what disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Plague. Yersinia pestis is the bacterium responsible for causing the bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague. The bacterium is transmitted to humans through infected flea bites or handling infected animals. Tonsillitis (A) is commonly caused by streptococcal bacteria, leprosy (B) is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and rat fever (D) is another term for leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira bacteria.
Question 8 of 9
An 18-year-old patient has developed candidiasis after the case of pneumonia treated with β-lactam antibiotic. What antimycotic agent should be prescribed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluconazole. 1. Fluconazole is an antifungal agent effective against Candida species commonly causing candidiasis. 2. Streptomycin (B) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections, not fungal. 3. Phthalylsulfathiazole (C) is an antibacterial agent, not antifungal. 4. Ampicillin (D) is a β-lactam antibiotic, which can actually contribute to fungal infections like candidiasis.
Question 9 of 9
Which of the following transport mechanisms transports water across the plasma membrane?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osmosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which water molecules move across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement occurs passively, driven by the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion (B) involves the transport of specific molecules with the help of carrier proteins, not water. Phagocytosis (C) is a process where cells engulf solid particles, not water molecules. Exocytosis (D) is the process of releasing substances from a cell by fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane, not the transport of water across the membrane.