Which of the following signs will indicate that a young child is suffering from severe pneumonia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chest indrawing. This sign indicates severe pneumonia in young children because it shows increased effort in breathing due to the lungs working harder to get enough oxygen. Chest indrawing is a visual indication of the child struggling to breathe, a critical symptom of severe pneumonia. Rationale: 1. Dyspnea (A) is a general term for difficulty in breathing and can be present in various respiratory conditions, not specific to severe pneumonia. 2. Wheezing (B) is typically associated with asthma or bronchiolitis, not a definitive sign of severe pneumonia. 3. Fast breathing (C) is a common symptom of pneumonia but alone may not indicate severity, unlike chest indrawing which is a more critical sign of respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess and treat the child for health problems like infections and intestinal parasitism. This is the correct approach based on the IMCI guidelines for managing a 2-year-old child with "baggy pants," which may indicate malnutrition. By assessing and treating health issues like infections and parasitism, the child's nutritional status can improve. Referring the child urgently to a hospital for confinement (A) is not necessary unless there are severe complications. Coordinating with a social worker for a feeding program (B) may be beneficial but addressing health issues is the priority. Making a teaching plan for menu planning (C) is important, but addressing underlying health problems should come first.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct dose for preschoolers to prevent xerophthalmia is 10,000 IU of Retinol every 6 months. This dosage is within the safe range for young children and is sufficient to meet their vitamin A requirements. Choices B, C, and D exceed the recommended dose for preschoolers, which can lead to toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, choice A is correct as it provides the appropriate amount of Retinol to prevent xerophthalmia without risking vitamin A toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bread. Bread is one of the food items mandated for fortification under RA 8976. This is because bread is a staple food consumed by a large portion of the population, making it an ideal vehicle for fortification to reach a wide audience and address micronutrient deficiencies effectively. Sugar (A) is not typically fortified due to its high consumption in refined form, which may not be suitable for adding nutrients. Margarine (C) can be fortified but is not specifically mandated under RA 8976. Filled milk (D) may be fortified, but it is not one of the food items specified under this regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to drink. This indicates a danger sign that requires urgent referral to a hospital according to the IMCI assessment guide. Inability to drink can lead to dehydration and is a critical sign that the child may need immediate medical attention. High grade fever (B) is concerning but may not always require urgent hospital referral. Signs of severe dehydration (C) are serious but may not be as immediately life-threatening as the inability to drink. Cough for more than 30 days (D) is a chronic symptom and does not necessarily indicate an acute danger sign requiring urgent referral.