Which of the following signs and symptoms did the girl most likely experience just after smoking?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The symptoms described in the scenario, such as elevated mood, rapid speech, muscle twitching, and dilated pupils, are consistent with the effects of marijuana use. Increased heart rate is a common physiological response to smoking marijuana due to the drug's impact on the cardiovascular system. Additionally, euphoria and uncontrollable laughter are typical psychological effects of marijuana use, further supporting the choice of increased heart rate as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The signs and symptoms described in the text, such as talkativeness, mydriasis, muscle twitching, hand tremor, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate, are consistent with the effects of amphetamine use. Amphetamine is a stimulant drug that can cause these symptoms by increasing the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. Additionally, the patient being a drug user who tried different drugs supports the likelihood of amphetamine use, as it is commonly abused for its stimulant effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question regarding agents that often cause vasoconstriction, the correct answer is option D) PGF2α. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is known for its vasodilatory effects, not vasoconstriction. Angiotensin II (option A) is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a critical role in regulating blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. Methysergide (option B) is a vasoconstrictor used in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. Prostacyclin (option C) is a prostaglandin that causes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation. Understanding the effects of different agents on vascular tone is crucial in the context of pharmacology and patient care. Nurses and healthcare providers need to be knowledgeable about the actions of various drugs to anticipate and manage potential side effects and complications. This knowledge is especially important when caring for patients with cardiovascular conditions or those receiving vasoactive medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Colchicine. Colchicine is not useful in dysmenorrhea because it is primarily used to treat gout by reducing inflammation caused by uric acid crystals in the joints. A) Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that helps relieve pain and reduce inflammation, making it useful in dysmenorrhea. C) Ibuprofen is also an NSAID that helps reduce pain and inflammation, commonly used to alleviate dysmenorrhea symptoms. D) Rofecoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor, another type of NSAID that can be effective in managing pain associated with dysmenorrhea. Educationally, understanding the mechanisms of action of different drugs is crucial for nursing practice. Knowing which drugs are appropriate for specific conditions like dysmenorrhea ensures safe and effective patient care. It is important for nurses to be able to differentiate between various drug classes and their indications to make informed clinical decisions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Misoprostol. In the context of a newborn with transposition of great arteries needing to keep the ductus arteriosus open, Misoprostol is used because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that helps maintain the patency of the ductus arteriosus, which is crucial in certain congenital heart defects to ensure appropriate blood flow. Option A) Cortisol is a steroid hormone with anti-inflammatory properties and is not typically used to keep the ductus arteriosus open in this scenario. Option B) Indomethacin and Option C) Ketorolac are both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that actually promote closure of the ductus arteriosus, which is the opposite effect needed in this case. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological actions of different drugs in maintaining or closing the ductus arteriosus is essential in managing congenital heart defects in newborns. Misoprostol's mechanism of action and specific indication in this context highlight the importance of precise drug selection based on physiological needs. This question challenges critical thinking and reinforces the importance of pharmacological knowledge in neonatal care scenarios.