Which of the following second generation antipsychotics is available sublingually or as transdermal patch?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asenapine. Asenapine is the only second-generation antipsychotic available in sublingual form or as a transdermal patch. Sublingual administration allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing first-pass metabolism. This route is useful for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills. A transdermal patch provides a convenient and consistent delivery of the medication over an extended period. Clazapine (A) is not a common antipsychotic medication. Quetiapine (B) and Olanzapine (D) are not available in sublingual or transdermal forms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intrusive memories and flashbacks. This symptom is most commonly associated with PTSD as individuals with PTSD often experience recurrent, distressing memories of the traumatic event and may have flashbacks where they feel as if they are re-experiencing the event. This is a hallmark symptom of PTSD and is crucial in diagnosing the disorder. A: Excessive crying and sadness is a common symptom of depression but not specific to PTSD. C: Chronic feelings of euphoria are not typically associated with PTSD; in fact, individuals with PTSD often experience negative emotions. D: A need for constant validation is not a core symptom of PTSD; individuals with PTSD may seek support but not necessarily validation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I need to monitor my blood glucose levels regularly." This statement indicates effective teaching because monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for managing diabetes. Regular monitoring helps the patient understand how their body responds to food, exercise, and medications. It allows for adjustments in the treatment plan to maintain blood sugar levels within target range. A: Taking insulin injections daily may be necessary for some patients with diabetes, but this alone does not indicate effective teaching as monitoring blood glucose levels is also critical. C: Stopping diabetes medications without healthcare provider's guidance can be dangerous and indicates a lack of understanding about the chronic nature of diabetes. D: Neglecting diet and relying solely on medications is not an effective approach to managing diabetes. Diet plays a crucial role in controlling blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encouraging the patient to express feelings of loss and grief. This is important because undergoing a mastectomy can evoke strong emotions such as loss and grief. By encouraging the patient to express these feelings, the nurse can provide emotional support and help the patient cope effectively. Choice B is incorrect as it dismisses the patient's emotional needs and may lead to suppression of emotions. Choice C is incorrect because discouraging questions hinders the patient's understanding and may cause anxiety. Choice D is incorrect as it invalidates the patient's emotions and may lead to feelings of inadequacy. Encouraging the patient to express feelings of loss and grief is crucial in promoting emotional healing and overall well-being during the postoperative period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Relaxation exercises help calm the patient's physiological response during a panic attack by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. This can reduce symptoms of anxiety. Encouraging relaxation also empowers the patient to self-manage their anxiety. Choices B and C do not address the root of the issue and may even exacerbate the panic attack. Choice D, encouraging the patient to talk about the stressor, may be beneficial in the long term but might be overwhelming during a panic attack.