ATI RN
Quizlet ATI Pharmacology Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following salicyclates is less effective than aspirin, but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylamide is less effective than aspirin but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin. It is a derivative of salicylic acid and acts as an analgesic and antipyretic, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. Sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) are more effective than salicylamide. Methyl salicylate is mainly used as a topical analgesic. Diflunisal is a salicylate derivative that is more potent and has a longer duration of action compared to aspirin, so it is not a suitable alternative for patients allergic to aspirin.
Question 2 of 5
The student nurse is studying for a pharmacology exam and notices that many of the adrenergic blocking antagonists drugs studied in class have what suffix?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The suffix -lol is seen in many of the drug names for adrenergic blocking antagonists. The suffix -aine would indicate a topical anesthetic, whereas -azole indicates an antifungal, and the suffix -triptan relates to the triptans. The nurse should be familiar with drug name suffixes to aid in identifying drug classes and their therapeutic uses.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following salicyclates is less effective than aspirin, but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylamide is less effective than aspirin but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin. It is a derivative of salicylic acid and acts as an analgesic and antipyretic, but it lacks the anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. Sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) are more effective than salicylamide. Methyl salicylate is mainly used as a topical analgesic. Diflunisal is a salicylate derivative that is more potent and has a longer duration of action compared to aspirin, so it is not a suitable alternative for patients allergic to aspirin.
Question 4 of 5
The following drugs must be avoided in severe renal failure (GFR ≤10 mL/min):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in severe renal failure due to the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially fatal side effect.
Question 5 of 5
A 60-year-old man with agitation is hospitalized on the medicine service for hyponatremia. He is being treated with intravenous fluids and haloperidol. He develops new onset of tremors and difficulty with ambulation and gait disturbance. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's new tremors, ambulation issues, and gait disturbance during hospitalization for hyponatremia suggest a drug-related cause. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic, is known for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)-tremors, rigidity, and gait problems-making iatrogenic the correct answer. Infection lacks supporting fever or systemic signs. Neoplastic process is unlikely without prior hints. Viral encephalitis would involve fever, altered mentation beyond agitation, and CSF findings, none present. Haloperidol's dopamine D2 blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway induces EPS, especially in older patients, aligning with the timeline and symptoms. This iatrogenic effect is a common adverse reaction, distinguishing it from unrelated pathologies in this context.