Which of the following ribs are known as true ribs?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: True ribs, 1st to 7th, attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilages, forming a stable thoracic cage for organ protection and respiration. Ribs 1-12 include false (8-10) and floating (11-12) ribs. Ribs 8-12 encompass false ribs (8-10, attached indirectly via shared cartilage) and floating (11-12, no sternal connection). Ribs 11-12 are floating only. The 1-7 direct articulation, per thoracic anatomy, defines true ribs, making 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Simple cuboidal epithelium, a single layer of cube-shaped cells, mainly functions in secretion and absorption, as in kidney tubules (reabsorbing water) or salivary glands (secreting saliva). Protection is more stratified squamous's role (e.g., skin). Diffusion suits simple squamous (e.g., alveoli), not cuboidal's thicker structure. Filtration occurs in kidneys, but cuboidal cells' active transport/secretion is primary. Its glandular and tubular roles, per epithelial classification, make 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oil lubricating skin and hair, secreted via hair follicles in the dermis. Sweat glands produce sweat for cooling. Ceruminous glands make earwax, not skin oil. Mammary glands secrete milk. Sebaceous glands' oily output, preventing dryness, per integumentary function, makes 'b' correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bone formation is termed osteogenesis (cell-driven bone creation) and ossification (matrix mineralization), interchangeable in anatomy e.g., intramembranous ossification forms flat bones. Osteolysis is bone breakdown. Both 'b' and 'c' are correct, reflecting developmental and remodeling processes, making 'd' the answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) articulate with ribs, forming the mid-spine's curvature. Seven is cervical, five is lumbar, three is miscount. Thoracic's rib connection, per vertebral count, makes 'b' correct.