Which of the following results of investigations is unlikely in serum sickness?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In serum sickness, an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the correct answer is B) thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis, an elevated platelet count, is not a typical finding in serum sickness. A) Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is often seen in inflammatory conditions but is not specific to serum sickness. C) Reduced C3 activity is expected in serum sickness due to complement activation. D) Negative microbial cultures are common in serum sickness as it is not caused by a microorganism. Educationally, understanding the laboratory findings in serum sickness is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing these patterns can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for adverse drug reactions is crucial to ensure safe medication administration. The correct answer, option C) dosing schedule, is not a direct risk factor for adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reactions are more influenced by factors such as prior exposure (option A), route of administration (option B), and genetic predisposition (option D). Prior exposure to a medication can sensitize a child's body, increasing the likelihood of an adverse reaction upon subsequent exposure (option A). The route of administration can impact how a drug is absorbed and metabolized, affecting its efficacy and potential side effects (option B). Genetic predisposition can play a significant role in how a child's body processes medications, potentially leading to adverse reactions (option D). Understanding these risk factors is essential for pediatric nurses to make informed decisions when administering medications to children. By recognizing these factors, nurses can proactively assess and monitor patients for potential adverse reactions, ensuring their safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the aggravating factors for asthma is crucial for providing effective care. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the correct answer as it can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms. When stomach contents back up into the esophagus, it can cause irritation and lead to bronchoconstriction, exacerbating asthma. Viral infections are a common trigger for asthma exacerbations but not necessarily an aggravating factor like GER. Smoke is a well-known irritant that can trigger asthma attacks, but it is not specifically an aggravating factor. Exercise can induce asthma symptoms in some individuals, but it is more related to exercise-induced asthma rather than being a direct aggravating factor for asthma. Educationally, it's important to teach students how various factors can impact asthma in pediatric patients. Understanding the specific aggravating factors helps nurses and healthcare providers develop individualized care plans to manage and prevent asthma exacerbations effectively. By grasping these nuances, students can enhance their clinical decision-making skills and improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa triggered by allergens. The hallmark symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, and pruritus of the eyes, nose, and ears. The correct answer, "thick rhinorrhea," is not typically associated with allergic rhinitis. Rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis is usually clear and watery, not thick. Nasal congestion occurs due to the inflammation and swelling of the nasal passages in response to allergens. Sneezing is a common symptom resulting from the body's attempt to expel the allergen. Pruritus of the eyes, nose, and ears is also characteristic of allergic rhinitis, caused by the release of histamine in response to the allergen exposure. Educationally, understanding the hallmark symptoms of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing. Recognizing these symptoms can aid in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of allergic rhinitis in children. It is important to differentiate allergic rhinitis from other respiratory conditions to provide optimal care and improve the quality of life for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In infants, atopic dermatitis typically spares the diaper area, making option D the correct answer. This is because the diaper area is usually moist and exposed to irritants, which can exacerbate atopic dermatitis. Infants with atopic dermatitis often present with red, itchy, inflamed patches on their cheeks, scalp, and other parts of the body, but the diaper area is commonly spared due to the protective barrier provided by diapers. Option A, the face, is incorrect because the face is a common area affected by atopic dermatitis in infants, often presenting with red, dry patches. Option B, the scalp, can also be affected by atopic dermatitis in infants, leading to cradle cap or seborrheic dermatitis. Option C, the cheeks, are frequently involved in atopic dermatitis in infants, showing red, inflamed patches. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in infants is crucial for pediatric nurses. By recognizing the common areas affected and spared by atopic dermatitis, nurses can provide appropriate education to parents on skincare, managing flare-ups, and preventing further irritation. This knowledge also helps nurses in accurately assessing and diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infants to provide timely and effective care.