Which of the following represents the main difference between parish nursing and all other fields of nursing?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Affiliation with a church or congregation. Parish nursing specifically involves nurses who work within a religious community, providing health services and support to members of that congregation. This affiliation with a church or congregation is the main distinguishing factor between parish nursing and other fields of nursing. B, C, and D may also be aspects of parish nursing, but they are not the main difference that sets it apart from other fields of nursing. B focuses on incorporating spiritual aspects into care, which can be present in various nursing specialties. C, holistic care, is a common approach in nursing that aims to address the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients. D, residence within the community, is important for community-based nursing but is not unique to parish nursing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B can be prevented through immunization with a vaccine. The vaccine provides long-term protection against the virus. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes are STIs that cannot be prevented through immunization. They are primarily transmitted through sexual contact and require other prevention methods such as safe sex practices and regular testing. Hepatitis B is the only STI in the list that has a vaccine available for prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The purpose of disaster planning is to manage the response to disasters. This involves preparing and organizing resources, systems, and procedures to effectively respond to and recover from disasters. It does not aim to decrease global instability (choice A), disrupt community functioning (choice B), or prevent disasters (choice D). Disaster planning focuses on minimizing the impact of disasters through efficient coordination and preparedness, making choice C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because collecting blood specimens from preschool children to check for lead levels is an example of secondary prevention, which aims to detect and treat health problems early. This action helps identify children at risk for lead exposure and allows for early intervention to prevent further health issues. Choice B is incorrect because meeting with local government officials to request cleanup is more of a primary prevention strategy aimed at preventing exposure to environmental hazards in the first place. Choice C is incorrect as it involves tertiary prevention, focusing on treatment and management of existing health problems. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to primary prevention by educating parents about lead exposure risks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Migration and urbanization. Rationale: 1. Migration and urbanization led to overcrowded cities, resulting in a larger population needing care. 2. Urban areas lacked the close-knit community support found in rural settings, making it harder for families, friends, and neighbors to provide adequate care. 3. Increased mobility due to migration made it challenging for caregivers to stay connected with those in need of care, further straining caregiving approaches. Summary of other choices: A: Ongoing wars may have increased the need for caregiving but did not directly contribute to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches. B: Horrific plagues could have overwhelmed healthcare systems but did not address the changing dynamics of caregiving approaches. D: The need to pay caregivers is a different aspect of caregiving but did not directly contribute to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches during the Industrial Revolution.