Which of the following public health change would lead to a longer life span?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking cessation. Smoking cessation would lead to a longer life span due to the numerous harmful effects of smoking on health, such as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, and cancer. Quitting smoking reduces these risks and improves overall health, thus increasing life expectancy. Choice B, limiting physical activity, would have a negative impact on health as regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases. Choice C, eating only one vegetable a day, would not support optimal health as a varied and balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is important for overall well-being and longevity. In summary, smoking cessation is the most effective public health change to increase life span compared to limiting physical activity or restricting vegetable intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Compare data. Epidemiological studies are used in the nursing process to analyze and compare data related to health issues, risk factors, and outcomes. By comparing data, nurses can identify patterns, trends, and potential interventions. B: Identifying objectives is not a direct application of epidemiological studies in the nursing process. C: Documenting effectiveness is related to evaluating interventions, not specifically using epidemiological studies. D: Checking the environment is important for assessing external factors, but it is not the primary purpose of epidemiological studies in the nursing process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease before it occurs. Providing influenza immunizations to employees at a day care program is an example of primary prevention as it aims to prevent the spread of influenza by immunizing individuals before they get infected. Screening for cancer (choice A) is a form of secondary prevention as it aims to detect cancer early in individuals who may already have the disease. COPD medication regimen (choice B) is a form of tertiary prevention as it focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications in individuals who already have COPD.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Comparing current rate with previous rate helps identify trends and if disease is increasing or decreasing. Step 2: This information is crucial to determine the urgency and effectiveness of interventions. Step 3: It guides the nurse in selecting appropriate strategies based on the disease trend. Step 4: This step is essential before planning any intervention, as it provides a baseline for decision-making. Summary: - Option B is incorrect because inaction is not an appropriate response for a public health nurse. - Option C is incorrect as reporting to the state health department comes after assessing the situation. - Option D is incomplete. The correct answer is A because it is essential for informed decision-making in planning interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting an environment assessment is crucial in identifying potential health hazards that may be contributing to the low birth rates of the infants and toddlers. This step allows the nurse to address the root cause of the issue by identifying and mitigating environmental factors such as standing water, mosquitoes, and poor sanitation. This preventive approach aligns with public health principles and promotes community health. Choice A is incorrect as it does not address the environmental factors that may be contributing to the issue. Choice C is incorrect as hospitalizing the children without addressing the underlying cause is not appropriate. Choice D is incorrect as calling Child Protective Services is not the first step in this scenario and does not address the environmental factors.