ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels, while parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels. They have opposing actions, thus producing antagonistic results. Summary: - FSH and LH (choice B) work together in the reproductive system. - ADH and vasopressin (choice C) are different names for the same hormone. - Oxytocin and prolactin (choice D) have complementary roles in milk production and breastfeeding.
Question 2 of 5
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the ability of a tissue or organ to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of specific receptors on the cells of the target tissue. These receptors are like locks that only fit the specific key (hormone). Without the appropriate receptors, the hormone cannot initiate a response. A: The location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path may affect the speed of hormone delivery but does not determine the tissue's ability to respond. B: The membrane potential of the cells of the target organ relates to cell signaling but does not determine the specificity of hormone response. D: This choice is incorrect because hormones are specific and can only bind to cells with the appropriate receptors, making the statement that all hormones can stimulate any cell type nonsensical.
Question 3 of 5
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte and fluid balance, with aldosterone being the primary mineralocorticoid. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism and immune response, with cortisol being the primary glucocorticoid. Therefore, the correct answer is C: cortisol. Testosterone (A) and estrogen (B) are sex hormones, not corticosteroids. Epinephrine (D) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, not a corticosteroid.
Question 4 of 5
In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Up-regulation refers to the process where cells increase the number of receptors in response to increased hormone levels. Step 2: This allows cells to become more sensitive to the hormone and maintain homeostasis. Step 3: The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the phenomenon of up-regulation. Step 4: Option A refers to sensitivity reaction in general, not specifically related to hormone receptors. Step 5: Option B does not accurately describe the process of increasing receptor numbers. Step 6: Option D mentions a reaction to a stressor, which is not directly related to the regulation of hormone receptors.
Question 5 of 5
Steroid hormones function by binding to receptor proteins within the ________. Once the hormone binds to a receptor, it activates ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroid hormones bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus, forming a hormone-receptor complex that directly influences the expression of specific genes. This process leads to the activation or repression of particular genes, resulting in changes in cellular functions. Choices A and C are incorrect because steroid hormones do not bind to receptors in the plasma membrane or use second messengers for signal transduction. Choice D is incorrect as steroid hormones do not directly regulate genes at the plasma membrane level.