Which of the following procedures does the nurse understand is used to correct otosclerosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, particularly around the stapes bone. A stapedectomy is a surgical procedure performed to correct otosclerosis by removing the stapes bone and replacing it with a prosthesis. This surgery aims to improve hearing by restoring the movement of the ossicles in the middle ear. Myringotomy is a procedure involving an incision in the eardrum to drain fluid, mastoidectomy involves the removal of infected mastoid air cells, and myringoplasty is the surgical repair of a perforated eardrum, none of which address the specific issue of otosclerosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At 3 months of age, most infants should be able to voluntarily grasp objects placed in their hands. This infant, who was born at 38 weeks of gestation, is showing signs of slight delay in development. Premature infants often have developmental delays, especially in motor skills, compared to full-term infants. The fact that the infant can hold a rattle if it is put in her hands is a positive sign, indicating that she is on the right track developmentally but might be a little behind schedule. Continuing to monitor the infant's progress and providing appropriate developmental stimulation can help promote further motor skill development. There is no indication at this point to suspect a significant developmental lag or a neurologic disorder like cerebral palsy without further assessment and observation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should be most concerned about the child's self-esteem and sense of competence. A 12-year-old male with short stature due to a constitutional growth delay may experience feelings of inadequacy or embarrassment because of his height. It is important for the nurse to address these emotional aspects of the condition and support the child in developing a positive self-image. By promoting the child's self-esteem and sense of competence, the nurse can help the child navigate any challenges associated with his height and build confidence in his abilities and worth as an individual.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hemophilia is characterized by prolonged APTT with normal platelet count and PT, indicating a coagulation factor deficiency.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, particularly around the stapes bone. A stapedectomy is a surgical procedure performed to correct otosclerosis by removing the stapes bone and replacing it with a prosthesis. This surgery aims to improve hearing by restoring the movement of the ossicles in the middle ear. Myringotomy is a procedure involving an incision in the eardrum to drain fluid, mastoidectomy involves the removal of infected mastoid air cells, and myringoplasty is the surgical repair of a perforated eardrum, none of which address the specific issue of otosclerosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal glands and is responsible for producing hormones known as corticosteroids. Within the corticosteroids, the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) which are involved in regulating metabolism and the immune response. Additionally, the adrenal cortex produces androgens which are male sex hormones, although they are present in both males and females. Therefore, the correct substances produced by the adrenal cortex are glucocorticoids and androgens (Choice A).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a hospital setting, if shock develops in a client with a spinal cord injury, one of the initial nursing interventions as a precautionary measure is to establish intravenous access by inserting an IV line. This is important for administering fluids, medications, and blood products promptly to help stabilize the client's condition. IV access is crucial in managing shock to ensure proper fluid resuscitation and support the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs. It also allows for continuous monitoring of the client's hemodynamic status, electrolyte levels, and responses to interventions. Therefore, inserting an IV line is a critical nursing intervention in addressing shock in clients with spinal cord injuries to promote timely and effective management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Elevated levels of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) in the amniotic fluid during an amniocentesis often indicate neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Spina bifida is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to a range of possible issues depending on the severity of the defect. In this case, the elevated AFP levels point towards a higher likelihood of spina bifida rather than other conditions like CP (cerebral palsy), Down syndrome, or hydrocephalus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: - Low Apgar scores: Infants with low Apgar scores (scores of 3 or lower at 5 minutes after birth) are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Low Apgar scores may indicate underlying health issues in the newborn that could contribute to the risk of SIDS.