Which of the following primarily distinguishes case management from managed care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because case management is focused on providing individualized care to specific clients to address their unique needs and goals. Case management involves assessing, planning, coordinating, monitoring, and evaluating services to meet the client's needs effectively. In contrast, option A is incorrect because case management is not exclusive to health maintenance organizations. Option B is incorrect as case management can be applied to various populations, not just a specific segment. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the role of case management, which goes beyond monitoring health status to encompass comprehensive care coordination.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The determinants of health. This is an appropriate starting point for the application of a population health approach because understanding the determinants of health helps identify the root causes of health disparities and population health outcomes. By focusing on social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health, interventions can be targeted effectively to improve overall health outcomes for a population. Incorrect choices: A: Emergency life-saving care is not an appropriate starting point for a population health approach as it focuses on individual treatment rather than addressing broader population-level factors. C: Health promotion models are important in promoting health but may not address the underlying determinants of health necessary for a population health approach. D: Risk management focuses on minimizing risks rather than addressing the broader determinants of health needed for a population health approach.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the most important feature of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory is that it shows individuals adopt innovations at different rates. This theory explains the process by which new ideas, products, or technologies spread through a population. It categorizes individuals into different groups based on their willingness to adopt innovations - innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Understanding these different rates of adoption is crucial for successful implementation and acceptance of innovations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the core concept of the theory. Choice A is about cost-effectiveness, B is about network providers, and D is about geographical communities, which are not the primary focus of the Diffusion of Innovation Theory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because an all-hazards disaster refers to any event, whether natural or man-made, that poses a threat to public safety, health, and welfare. This definition encompasses a wide range of incidents beyond just natural disasters like floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes. Option A is incorrect as it only covers human-made terrorist events, excluding natural disasters. Option B is incorrect as it limits the definition to specific natural disasters only. Option D is incomplete and does not provide a clear definition of an all-hazards disaster.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a gap analysis in the emergency management plan should evaluate the differences between pieces of the program that are and are not in place. This assessment helps identify areas where the program falls short of its intended goals and where improvements are needed. Option A is incorrect as it focuses on standards and policies, which are not the main focus of a gap analysis. Option C is incorrect because similarities do not provide insights into areas that need improvement. Option D is incorrect as it does not address the key aspect of identifying gaps between existing and missing components of the program.