Which of the following people is at greatest risk for a hip fracture secondary to osteoporosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option A) a 66-year-old White woman. Osteoporosis is more common in women, especially postmenopausal White women, due to lower peak bone mass and accelerated bone loss after menopause. This demographic group is at the highest risk for hip fractures related to osteoporosis. Option B) a 66-year-old African American woman has a lower risk compared to White women due to generally higher bone mineral density in African American women. Option C) a 66-year-old White man has a lower risk than a White woman due to men typically having higher peak bone mass and slower bone loss compared to women. Option D) a 66-year-old African American man also has a lower risk compared to White women due to higher bone mineral density in African American individuals. Educationally, understanding the demographic and gender-specific risks associated with osteoporosis and hip fractures is crucial for healthcare providers to provide targeted prevention strategies and care for at-risk individuals. Encouraging weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and screening for osteoporosis can help reduce the risk of hip fractures in high-risk populations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of preventing bone loss, the nurse would recommend walking as the best exercise for a 35-year-old woman. Walking is a weight-bearing exercise that helps in building and maintaining bone density. Weight-bearing exercises, like walking, stimulate bone-forming cells, which can help prevent osteoporosis and bone loss. Swimming and bike riding are not weight-bearing exercises and do not provide the same bone-strengthening benefits as walking. While swimming and biking are excellent cardiovascular exercises, they do not directly impact bone health. Weight training is also beneficial for bone health, as it helps build muscle strength and can indirectly support bone density, but walking is typically more accessible and easier for individuals to incorporate into their daily routine. Educationally, it's important to understand the difference between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing exercises when discussing bone health. Encouraging individuals to engage in weight-bearing activities like walking can have long-term benefits in preventing bone loss and maintaining overall bone health. It's essential to tailor exercise recommendations to individual needs and capabilities while emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity for optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate response from the nurse is option C: “Weight lifting has many purposes and benefits; can we talk about them?” This response is correct because it acknowledges the woman's concerns and opens up a dialogue to provide education about the benefits of resistance training. Option A is incorrect because suggesting one hour of aerobics every day does not address the woman's resistance to weight lifting and does not provide a well-rounded exercise program. Option B is incorrect because while lifting weights can be beneficial, it does not address the woman's specific concerns and preferences. Option D is inappropriate as it focuses on appearance rather than the health benefits of exercise. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand and address individual preferences and concerns when promoting health behaviors. By engaging in a conversation with the woman about the benefits of resistance training, the nurse can provide evidence-based information to help her make informed decisions about her exercise routine. This approach promotes patient-centered care and empowers individuals to take control of their health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Encourage a consistent sleep-wake schedule. This intervention is the most appropriate because establishing a consistent sleep routine helps regulate the body's internal clock, promoting better quality sleep and overall sleep hygiene. Consistency in sleep-wake times can help reset circadian rhythms, improve sleep efficiency, and reduce daytime fatigue by ensuring the person gets an adequate amount of restorative sleep each night. Option A) Encouraging daytime naps may disrupt the person's ability to establish a regular sleep pattern and could worsen sleep disturbances by reducing the drive to sleep at night. Option B) Encouraging exercise one hour before bedtime can be counterproductive as vigorous physical activity close to bedtime can stimulate the body and mind, making it harder for the person to fall asleep. Option C) Encouraging a cool shower before bedtime may help relax the person, but it does not address the underlying issue of establishing a consistent sleep routine to improve sleep quality. Educationally, understanding the importance of sleep hygiene and the impact of consistent sleep-wake schedules on overall well-being is crucial for healthcare professionals, including nurses. By promoting evidence-based interventions like maintaining a regular sleep routine, nurses can support individuals in achieving restful sleep and improving their quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, educating individuals about safety precautions when using complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) is crucial. Option C, "It is important to research and understand the treatment before starting to use it," is the correct answer. This is because individuals need to be informed about the potential benefits, risks, side effects, and interactions of CAM therapies to make safe and effective choices. Option A is incorrect because most CAM treatments are not typically covered by insurance, which is important information for individuals to be aware of when considering these therapies. Option B is incorrect because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not regulate dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications, so individuals need to be cautious and research these products independently. Option D is also incorrect because there can be significant interactions between treatments prescribed by allopathic (traditional Western medicine) and holistic medicine providers, emphasizing the importance of communication between healthcare providers to ensure patient safety. In an educational setting, emphasizing the need for thorough research, consultation with healthcare providers, and understanding of CAM treatments can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their health and well-being. This knowledge can help prevent potential harm or adverse effects associated with the use of CAM therapies.