Which of the following people are participating in alternative/complementary therapies?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and health promotion, the correct answer is D) A 78-year-old who practices yoga to increase balance because yoga is a recognized alternative/complementary therapy that can improve physical and mental well-being. Yoga has been shown to enhance balance, flexibility, strength, and reduce stress. Option A is incorrect because listening to rap music, although it may help with anxiety, is not a recognized alternative therapy in the context of this question. Option B is incorrect as burning lavender-scented candles while meditating may promote relaxation, but it is not a formal alternative/complementary therapy. Option C is also incorrect as drawing for communication purposes is not a typical alternative/complementary therapy. Educationally, understanding the difference between conventional and alternative/complementary therapies is crucial in healthcare practice. It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of various therapeutic modalities to provide holistic care and support patient preferences and beliefs in health promotion. This knowledge can help in promoting patient-centered care and improving health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Identity versus role confusion according to Erikson's theory of human development. Erikson proposed that during adolescence (ages 12-18), individuals experience the psychosocial crisis of identity versus role confusion. This conflict involves the adolescent's struggle to establish a sense of self and personal identity while navigating social pressures and expectations. Option A) Initiative versus guilt relates to the preschool years, where children begin to assert control and take initiative in their activities. Option B) Industry versus inferiority pertains to the elementary school years, focusing on the development of competence and skills. Option D) Intimacy versus isolation is more characteristic of young adulthood, where individuals seek to form close relationships. In an educational context, understanding Erikson's stages of development can help educators support students as they navigate various challenges and transitions. By recognizing the developmental conflicts individuals may face at different life stages, educators can provide appropriate guidance and interventions to promote healthy psychosocial development. Furthermore, by linking theoretical concepts to real-life examples, educators can help students apply these theories to understand human behavior and development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pregnancy, the correct answer is A) Increased urinary output secondary to total body water increase. This physiological change occurs due to the increased blood volume and cardiac output during pregnancy. The growing fetus requires increased nutrient delivery and waste removal, leading to an increase in total body water. This, in turn, increases the workload on the kidneys, resulting in increased urinary output to eliminate waste and maintain fluid balance. Option B) Decreased bladder capacity is incorrect because although the uterus expands during pregnancy and may put pressure on the bladder, leading to more frequent urination, the bladder capacity itself does not decrease. Option C) Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting from estrogen and progesterone surge is incorrect. In fact, GFR increases during pregnancy to accommodate the increased maternal metabolic demands and fetal waste removal. Option D) Increased renal excretion of acidic drugs is incorrect as the renal excretion of drugs can be influenced by various factors, but it is not a consistent change observed in the urinary system during pregnancy. Understanding the changes in the urinary system during pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor maternal and fetal health. Educating healthcare professionals about these physiological adaptations helps in providing optimal care for pregnant individuals and recognizing any deviations from normal that may indicate complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pregnancy, weight gain is an essential aspect of maternal and fetal health. A steady and appropriate weight gain is necessary to support the growth and development of the fetus. An excessive or inadequate weight gain can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. In this scenario, a 6-pound increase from pre-pregnancy weight would indicate insufficient weight gain at 20 weeks of gestation, which could potentially signify a risk to the fetus's growth and development. Option A (6-pound increase) is the correct answer because by 20 weeks of gestation, a pregnant woman should have gained more weight than just 6 pounds. This minimal weight gain could indicate a potential issue with fetal growth and development, warranting further assessment and intervention. Options B, C, and D represent higher weight gains, which would typically be within the expected range for a woman at the end of 20 weeks of gestation. These weight gains are more aligned with the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and are less likely to raise concerns about inadequate weight gain at this stage. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of monitoring weight gain during pregnancy and the implications it can have on maternal and fetal health. It underscores the role of healthcare providers, particularly nurses, in assessing and addressing deviations from expected weight gain patterns to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct response, option B, is the best choice because it provides accurate information to the pregnant woman regarding HIV testing. HIV testing is not typically included in the TORCH screening panel, so additional testing specifically for HIV would be necessary. Option A is incorrect because it gives a timeframe for knowing HIV status without addressing the need for specific testing for HIV. Option C is incorrect as it inaccurately suggests waiting until after delivery for HIV testing, which could delay diagnosis and treatment if needed. Option D is incorrect as it provides false information about the duration of exposure needed for accurate HIV testing. Educationally, this scenario highlights the importance of clear communication with patients regarding HIV testing during pregnancy. It underscores the significance of understanding which tests are included in routine screenings and the need for additional testing if specific concerns arise, such as recent unprotected sex. This knowledge is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to ensure appropriate care and support for pregnant women.