ATI RN
Basics of Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following patients would most likely benefit from a needle decompression?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient presents with signs of tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition that can cause hypotension, jugular venous distention (JVD), and tracheal deviation. Needle decompression is the immediate intervention to release trapped air and restore lung function. Choices A, B, and D do not indicate a tension pneumothorax, so needle decompression would not be appropriate.
Question 2 of 5
You arrive on-scene of a seizure call to find a 22-year-old patient actively seizing. Family on scene reports the patient has an epileptic seizure disorder that sometimes causes seizures that last a minute or two. Today, the seizure has lasted for longer than fifteen minutes prior to your arrival without a break in the tonic-clonic phase. Your attempts to gain IV access are restricted due to the ongoing seizure activity. Which of the following is the drug of choice for intramuscular injection to control the prolonged seizure in this situation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lorazepam. In this scenario, the patient is experiencing status epilepticus, a medical emergency where seizures persist without recovery between them. Lorazepam is the drug of choice for intramuscular injection to control prolonged seizures due to its rapid onset of action and efficacy in terminating seizures. It acts by enhancing the inhibitory effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, thereby suppressing seizure activity. Thiamine (A) is used to prevent or treat thiamine deficiency, not for seizure control. D50 (B) is used in hypoglycemic emergencies, not for seizures. Etomidate (D) is a general anesthetic, not indicated for seizure management.
Question 3 of 5
The CHARTE method and SOAP method are two methods utilized by paramedics to complete the narrative portion of the patient care report. Which of the following is not a component of the CHARTE method?
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Step 1: The CHARTE method includes components: Chief complaint, History, Assessment, Rx (treatment), Transport, and Evaluation. Step 2: Each letter in CHARTE represents a key component of the patient care report. Step 3: "Transport" is a component in the CHARTE method, ensuring patients are safely transported to the appropriate facility. Step 4: Therefore, "Transport" is a part of the CHARTE method. This makes option A incorrect. Step 5: As "Transport" is a component, the correct answer is E: Chief complaint, which is not part of the CHARTE method.
Question 4 of 5
After intubating your apneic patient, what tube placement confirmation means should be assessed first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Attach capnography to determine the presence of ventilatory waveform. This is the first tube placement confirmation to assess because it provides immediate feedback on proper endotracheal tube placement by showing a waveform indicating exhaled CO2. This confirms the tube is in the trachea and not the esophagus. Auscultating lung fields (A) only confirms air entry but not tube placement. An end-tidal CO2 detector (C) provides immediate confirmation like capnography but does not show the waveform for visualization. Auscultating over the epigastric region (D) is not a reliable method for confirming tube placement.
Question 5 of 5
A young man sustains a rifle wound to the mid-abdomen. The next, most appropriate step is to perform:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a laparotomy. This is the most appropriate step because a rifle wound to the mid-abdomen is a high-energy injury that can cause significant internal damage, such as bowel perforation or major blood vessel injury. A laparotomy allows for direct visualization of internal organs, identification, and repair of any injuries, and control of bleeding. An abdominal CT-scan (B) may delay necessary surgical intervention, while diagnostic laparoscopy (C) may not provide adequate access for effective treatment of severe injuries. Abdominal ultrasonography (D) is not typically indicated in the acute trauma setting for assessing internal abdominal injuries.