ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury? A patient who
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient who was discharged 2 weeks earlier after aminoglycoside therapy is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury. Aminoglycosides are known nephrotoxic drugs, and prolonged exposure increases the risk of kidney damage. The 2-week course followed by discharge indicates a high cumulative dose, which further elevates the risk. Choice A is incorrect because although aminoglycosides are nephrotoxic, a shorter duration of therapy compared to the patient in choice C reduces the risk. Choice B is incorrect as controlled hypertension with a blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg does not directly increase the risk of acute kidney injury. Choice D is incorrect because while fluid overload can strain the kidneys, the direct nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides in choice C pose a higher immediate risk.
Question 2 of 5
A 100-kg patient gets hemodialysis 3 days a week. In planning the care for this patient, the nurse recommends
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a patient undergoing hemodialysis requires a higher caloric intake to meet their energy needs and prevent malnutrition. Hemodialysis can lead to protein loss, so a diet high in calories helps maintain muscle mass. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because protein intake is usually increased to prevent malnutrition, potassium restrictions are individualized based on lab values, and fluid restrictions are typically based on the patient's weight and urine output.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is admitting an older adult patient to the acute care medical unit. Which assessment factor alerts the nurse that this patient has a risk for
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic renal insufficiency. Older adults with chronic renal insufficiency are at risk for base imbalances due to impaired kidney function affecting acid-base balance. This condition can lead to metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Choice A, base imbalances, is not a direct assessment factor but rather a consequence of underlying conditions like chronic renal insufficiency. Choice B, history of myocardial infarction 1 year ago, may increase the risk of cardiac complications but is not directly related to base imbalances. Choice D, shortness of breath with extreme exertion, may indicate respiratory or cardiac issues but does not directly correlate with base imbalances.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is completing a history for an older patient at risk for an acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes relevant questions to assess risk factors related to acidosis in an older patient. Asking about breathing problems, medications, activity intolerance, drowsiness, decreased alertness, dizziness, and tinnitus helps identify potential causes or symptoms of acidosis. Choices B and C do not cover all key areas of concern for acidosis assessment, such as breathing problems and dizziness. Choice D is incorrect because drowsiness and bowel movements can be relevant to acidosis evaluation in older adults.
Question 5 of 5
What state will the body be in if the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance is less than its metabolic utilization and excretion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Ingestion and metabolic synthesis less than utilization and excretion result in a deficit. Step 2: A negative balance occurs when there is a deficit in the body's overall substance levels. Step 3: Negative balance indicates that the body is losing more of the substance than it is gaining. Therefore, choice C (negative balance) is correct as it accurately describes the state of the body in this scenario. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the concept of a deficit in substance levels as seen in a negative balance.