Which of the following oxygen delivery method can deliver $100% Oxygen at 15 LPM?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of oxygen delivery methods in nursing fundamentals, understanding the capabilities and limitations of each method is crucial for providing appropriate patient care. The correct answer, option C - Non Rebreather mask, is the most suitable choice for delivering 100% oxygen at 15 LPM. This is because the non-rebreather mask is designed with a reservoir bag that allows for the accumulation of oxygen, ensuring a high concentration delivery to the patient. Option A - Nasal Cannula, is commonly used for low-flow oxygen delivery and typically provides oxygen concentrations ranging from 24% to 44%, even at high flow rates. Therefore, it is not capable of delivering 100% oxygen at 15 LPM. Option B - Simple Face mask, is a low-flow oxygen delivery system that can deliver oxygen concentrations between 35% to 50%. It is not designed to deliver 100% oxygen at high flow rates like 15 LPM. Option D - Partial Rebreather mask, allows for the delivery of oxygen concentrations up to 60-75%, but not 100% oxygen at 15 LPM. The presence of one-way valves in the mask limits the oxygen concentration that can be achieved. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand the specific characteristics of each oxygen delivery method to make informed decisions when selecting the appropriate method for a patient. Proper assessment, knowledge of oxygen requirements, and understanding the capabilities of each delivery system are essential skills for nurses to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Educational Rationale: Thirst being the correct answer as the first sign of dehydration is rooted in the physiological response of the human body to fluid loss. When the body begins to experience dehydration, the fluid volume decreases which in turn leads to an increase in the concentration of electrolytes in the blood. This shift in electrolyte concentration is detected by the hypothalamus in the brain, triggering the sensation of thirst. Therefore, thirst acts as an early warning signal prompting individuals to consume fluids to restore the body's fluid balance. Looking at the other options: - Tachycardia (Option A) is a symptom that may occur in later stages of dehydration as the body tries to compensate for decreased blood volume by increasing the heart rate. - Restlessness (Option B) is a non-specific symptom that can occur due to various reasons and is not a consistent early sign of dehydration. - Poor skin turgor (Option D) is a physical sign that manifests in moderate to severe dehydration, indicating significant fluid loss already present in the body. In an educational context, understanding the sequence of physiological responses to dehydration is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in nursing. Recognizing the early signs of dehydration like thirst enables prompt intervention to prevent complications associated with fluid imbalance. This knowledge equips nurses to assess, intervene, and educate patients on the importance of maintaining adequate hydration levels for overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer to the question is option A) 20. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat calculated using a person's weight and height. In this case, for an individual weighing 120 lbs and having a height of 5 feet 7 inches (67 inches), the BMI calculation would be (120 × 703) / (67²) = 18.8. Since this value is closest to 20, which falls within the normal BMI range, option A is the correct answer. Option B) 19 is incorrect because the calculated BMI is 18.8, not 19. Option C) 15 and Option D) 25 are also incorrect as they are significantly different from the calculated BMI of 18.8. Understanding how to calculate and interpret BMI is crucial in nursing practice as it helps in assessing a patient's nutritional status, risk for certain diseases, and overall health. Nurses need to be able to accurately calculate and interpret BMI to provide appropriate care and interventions for patients. This knowledge is essential in areas such as patient assessment, care planning, and patient education regarding healthy lifestyle choices. By mastering these fundamental concepts, nurses can contribute effectively to the holistic care of their patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of a nursing fundamentals exam focusing on oxygenation, understanding the factors influencing evaporation in a humidifier is crucial for providing optimal respiratory care to patients. The correct answer, D) Temperature, is the most influential factor in evaporation rate in a humidifier. Temperature directly impacts the kinetic energy of water molecules. As temperature increases, the molecules gain more energy, leading to increased vaporization and evaporation within the humidifier. This higher energy level facilitates the transition of water into vapor, effectively humidifying the air for the patient's respiratory needs. Option A) Time is not the primary factor influencing evaporation in a humidifier. While time can impact the overall amount of water evaporated, it does not directly affect the rate of evaporation like temperature does. Option B) Pressure does play a role in evaporation, but in the context of a humidifier, temperature has a more significant impact on the process. Pressure affects the boiling point of water, but it is not the primary factor influencing evaporation rate. Option C) Surface area also affects evaporation to some extent, as a larger surface area can potentially increase the rate of evaporation. However, in the specific context of a humidifier, temperature plays a more critical role in influencing evaporation compared to surface area. Educationally, understanding the science behind humidification and the factors influencing evaporation rate in a humidifier is essential for nurses caring for patients with respiratory issues. By grasping the impact of temperature on water vaporization, nurses can ensure proper humidification levels to support optimal respiratory function and patient comfort.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of transitioning a patient from a King LT airway to an endotracheal tube (ETT), the correct answer, option D, utilizing an airway exchange catheter with a laryngoscope blade, is the most appropriate method. This technique ensures the safest and most controlled approach to switch the airway devices while maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation for the patient. Option A, inserting the ETT under the King LT, is incorrect as it can lead to displacement and ineffective airway management. Option B, inserting the ETT through the King LT, is also not recommended as it can cause airway trauma and compromise patient safety. Option C, using a nasal airway to angle the ETT through the vocal cords, is not appropriate as this technique can be challenging, risky, and may not provide the necessary control during the airway switch. Educationally, understanding the proper techniques for airway management transitions is crucial for nurses in ensuring patient safety and optimal respiratory support. Utilizing the correct tools and methods, such as an airway exchange catheter with a laryngoscope blade, demonstrates proficiency in managing airway devices effectively and minimizing risks associated with airway management procedures. Nurses must be knowledgeable about various airway techniques to provide high-quality care and support for patients requiring oxygenation assistance.