Which of the following organizations has established standards for clinical nursing practice?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: American Nurses Association (ANA). The ANA is a professional organization that sets standards for clinical nursing practice in the United States. They develop and update guidelines to ensure high-quality patient care and maintain professional standards. The ANA's standards are evidence-based and widely recognized in the nursing community. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: National League for Nursing (NLN) focuses on nursing education rather than clinical practice standards. C: International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a global organization that does not specifically set standards for clinical nursing practice in the US. D: State Board of Nursing regulates nursing practice at the state level but does not establish national standards for clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates the influence of societal norms on behavior, known as the sociocultural dimension. By stating "Why shouldn't I drink and drive? Everyone else does," the individual is influenced by the behavior of others in society, showing the impact of social factors on decision-making. Choice B is incorrect as it relates to genetics rather than sociocultural influences. Choice C indicates individual knowledge affecting behavior, not societal influences. Choice D involves a personal choice to use a specific technique for health, not influenced by societal norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a value is a belief about the worth of something that guides behavior. Values are deeply held beliefs that influence our attitudes and actions. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to ethics and morality. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the process of determining values, not the values themselves. Choice D is incorrect as it describes virtues or character traits, not values. In summary, values are fundamental beliefs about what is important or worthwhile, guiding our behavior and decisions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates advocacy by encouraging the patient to express their concerns and preferences. By asking the patient to elaborate on their reasons for not wanting surgery, the nurse is actively listening and supporting the patient's autonomy in decision-making. This approach helps the nurse better understand the patient's perspective and provide more personalized care. Choice A is incorrect as it imposes the nurse's personal opinion on the patient, which is not advocating for the patient's autonomy. Choice B does not provide any guidance or support to the patient, failing to advocate for the patient's needs. Choice D shifts the responsibility to the doctor without actively engaging with the patient, missing the opportunity to advocate for the patient's voice and concerns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because incident reports should contain all the variables related to the incident for accurate documentation and analysis. Step 1: Documenting all details ensures transparency and provides a complete picture. Step 2: Including variables like date, time, location, individuals involved, and details of the incident helps in understanding the cause and implementing preventive measures. Step 3: Omitting critical information may hinder the investigation and resolution process. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect as incident reports are typically filled out by the person directly involved in the incident. Choice B is incorrect because including names of staff involved is crucial for accountability and follow-up. Choice C is incorrect as incident reports are meant for improving processes, not for punitive measures.