Which of the following opioid agents is used in the treatment of acute opioid overdose?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Naloxone. Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist that quickly reverses the effects of opioid overdose by competing for opioid receptor sites. It is used in the treatment of acute opioid overdose to rapidly restore normal respiration and consciousness. Choice A: Pentazocine is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist and is not used to treat opioid overdose. Choice B: Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist primarily used for opioid maintenance therapy, not for acute overdose reversal. Choice D: Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid analgesic used during surgery and is not indicated for opioid overdose treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tranylcypromine. Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that can rapidly increase synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitters. Due to this mechanism of action, it can have a short latency period of as little as 48 hours. Incorrect answers: B: Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that typically takes 2-4 weeks to show therapeutic effects. C: Fluoxetine is an SSRI that usually takes 2-6 weeks for full efficacy. D: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant with a similar latency period to imipramine, typically 2-4 weeks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Antipsychotic. Piracetam is a nootropic drug known for its cognitive-enhancing properties, not for its antipsychotic effects. Piracetam is commonly used for improving memory, learning, and concentration. Anticonvulsant (B), Psychometabolic (C), and Antihypoxic (D) effects are well-documented with Piracetam use. Antipsychotic effects are not a recognized pharmacological action of Piracetam.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "ecstasy" (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Ecstasy is related to psychedelics due to its hallucinogenic effects, altering sensory perception and mood. It acts on serotonin receptors, similar to classic psychedelics like LSD. Incorrect choices: B: Cocaine - Cocaine is a stimulant but not related to psychedelics. It primarily affects dopamine levels in the brain. C: "crack" (cocaine free base) - Crack is a form of cocaine, also primarily impacting dopamine levels. D: Caffeine - Caffeine is a stimulant that primarily affects adenosine receptors, not related to psychedelics.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline) help relax bronchial smooth muscles. 2. M-cholinoblocking agents (e.g., ipratropium) block the action of acetylcholine, reducing bronchoconstriction. 3. Beta2-stimulants (e.g., albuterol) relax bronchial smooth muscles and dilate airways. 4. "All of above" encompasses all three drug groups, covering various mechanisms to manage asthma symptoms effectively.