Which of the following NSAIDs is a pyrazolone derivative?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Metamizole (Analgin). Metamizole is a pyrazolone derivative due to its chemical structure containing a pyrazolone ring. Ibuprofen (A) is a propionic acid derivative, Indomethacin (B) is an indole derivative, and Diclofenac (D) is a phenylacetic acid derivative. Pyrazolone derivatives like Metamizole are known for their analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. This deficiency leads to symptoms such as spongy bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and weakness. - Choice B is incorrect because extreme dryness of the conjunctiva is not a symptom of scurvy, and it is more related to a deficiency of vitamin A. - Choice C is incorrect because it describes symptoms of pellagra, a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin, not scurvy. - Choice D is incorrect because it includes all the incorrect options, making it incorrect as well. In summary, the correct choice (A) accurately describes the cause and symptoms of scurvy, while the other choices describe different diseases with unrelated symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, like statins, reduce cholesterol production in the liver, leading to an upregulation of LDL receptors on hepatocytes. This increases the clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma, ultimately lowering LDL levels. Therefore, the statement that cholesterol synthesis inhibitors increase the rate of clearance of LDL cholesterol from the plasma is true. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between cholesterol synthesis inhibitors and LDL cholesterol clearance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rickets. Calcifediol is administered for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency-related conditions like rickets, which is a bone disorder caused by a lack of vitamin D, leading to soft and weak bones. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Primary hyperparathyroidism is treated with medications that target the parathyroid gland, not vitamin D. C) Hypercalcemia is an excess of calcium in the blood and is not treated with calcifediol since it can exacerbate the condition. D) Failure of vitamin D formation in the skin is not an indication for calcifediol administration as it is used to treat vitamin D deficiency, not a failure in its formation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fludrocortisone. Fludrocortisone is a synthetic steroid that primarily exhibits mineralocorticoid activity. It is commonly used to treat adrenal insufficiency due to its potent mineralocorticoid effects. Hydrocortisone (A) is a natural steroid with both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity. Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts as an aldosterone antagonist, reducing the effects of aldosterone. Dexamethasone (C) is a synthetic steroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties but minimal mineralocorticoid activity.