Which of the following nonopioid agents is an antidepressant with analgesic activity?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that is commonly used for both depression and chronic pain conditions due to its analgesic properties. It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which can help alleviate both mood symptoms and pain. Choice A (Fluoxetine) is an SSRI antidepressant that does not have significant analgesic properties. Choice B (Moclobemide) is a reversible MAOI antidepressant that also lacks analgesic effects. Choice C (Tranylcypramine) is an irreversible MAOI antidepressant and does not have analgesic activity. In summary, amitriptyline is the correct answer because it is an antidepressant with proven analgesic effects, while the other choices do not possess these dual properties.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because Cordiamine, also known as Nikethamide, is a respiratory and circulatory stimulant. It is used to treat hypotension by increasing blood pressure, coronary insufficiency by improving blood flow to the heart, and respiratory insufficiency by stimulating breathing. Therefore, it is effective in treating all the conditions mentioned in choices A, B, and C. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Cordiamine does not specifically target only one of these conditions; rather, it addresses all of them due to its dual stimulant action on both the circulatory and respiratory systems.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because barbiturate abstinent syndrome can manifest as a variety of symptoms including crisis by 3 days of abstention, anxiety, mydriasis, myasthenia, muscular convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea, and psychosis as delirium with color visual and auditory hallucinations. Each of the other choices (A, B, C) only represents a subset of the symptoms associated with barbiturate abstinent syndrome, while choice D encompasses all possible manifestations, making it the correct and comprehensive answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Libexine. Non-narcotic antitussives, such as Libexine, do not contain opioids or narcotics, making them safer for use without the risk of dependence or addiction. Libexine works by suppressing the cough reflex in the brainstem without causing sedation or respiratory depression. Choice B, Tusuprex, is incorrect as it contains codeine, which is a narcotic antitussive. Choice C, Codeine, is also incorrect as it is a narcotic antitussive that acts on the central nervous system to suppress cough reflex. Choice D, Aethylmorphine hydrochloride, is incorrect as it is a semi-synthetic opioid derivative, making it a narcotic antitussive.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is a stimulant laxative that irritates the gut lining, leading to increased peristalsis and bowel movements. This mechanism helps relieve constipation. Methyl cellulose (B) is a bulk-forming laxative that works by absorbing water to form a soft bulk, not by irritating the gut. Proserine (C) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for myasthenia gravis, not for gut stimulation. Mineral oil (D) is a lubricant laxative that works by coating the stool and preventing water absorption, not by irritating the gut.