Which of the following non-narcotic agents is salicylic acid derivative?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aspirin. Salicylic acid is the parent compound of aspirin. Aspirin is a salicylic acid derivative commonly used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Phenylbutazone (A) is a pyrazolone derivative, Ketamine (B) is a dissociative anesthetic, and Tramadol (D) is a synthetic opioid. Aspirin's chemical structure contains the salicylic acid moiety, making it the only salicylic acid derivative among the options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Amphetamine is a powerful stimulant of the CNS, increasing alertness and energy levels. Step 2: It stimulates the medullar respiratory center, enhancing breathing, and acts as an analeptic agent. Step 3: Amphetamine increases motor and speech activity, uplifts mood, and reduces fatigue. Step 4: Therefore, all of the above statements are true, making option D the correct choice. Option A is correct as it highlights the CNS stimulant effects. Option B is incorrect as amphetamine does not directly stimulate the medullar respiratory center. Option C is also incorrect as it does not mention the full range of effects of amphetamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Restlessness, anxiety, orthostatic hypotension, seizures, tremor, hallucination, and psychosis are symptoms commonly associated with withdrawal from a substance. Step 2: Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a substance they have developed a physical dependence on. Step 3: Tolerance refers to the body's decreased response to a substance over time, not withdrawal symptoms. Step 4: Drug interactions between barbiturate and diazepam would not typically cause the wide range of symptoms mentioned. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is B (Withdrawal) as it aligns with the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Sevoflurane is metabolized in the liver to release fluoride ions, which can lead to nephrotoxicity. 2. Fluoride ions can cause renal toxicity by forming calcium fluoride deposits in the renal tubules. 3. This can result in renal tubular dysfunction and acute kidney injury. 4. Halothane is hepatotoxic, not nephrotoxic. Nitrous oxide and diethyl ether do not cause nephrotoxicity. Summary: B: Sevoflurane is correct due to fluoride ion release causing nephrotoxicity. A, C, D are incorrect as they do not cause nephrotoxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aluminium hydroxide. It causes constipation by absorbing water in the intestines, leading to hardened stools. Sodium bicarbonate (A) is an antacid and can cause diarrhea. Calcium carbonate (C) and magnesium oxide (D) are also antacids that can lead to diarrhea due to their laxative effect by increasing water in the intestines.