ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following nitrates and nitrite drugs is used for prevention of angina attack?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above," because all three choices are nitrates used for the prevention of angina attacks. Nitroglycerin, in both ointment and oral sustained-release forms, works by dilating blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart, reducing angina symptoms. Isosorbide mononitrate is another nitrate used for the same purpose. Therefore, all three options are effective in preventing angina attacks. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because each drug listed is individually used for angina prevention, making the correct answer D, as it includes all the effective drugs for this purpose.
Question 2 of 5
Thyroid hormones produce various pharmacological effects. Indicate the wrong statement(s).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Thyroid hormones actually increase the basal metabolic rate, not decline it. This is because thyroid hormones stimulate cellular metabolism and energy production. Choice B is incorrect as thyroid hormones do increase the rate and force of contraction of the heart. Choice C is incorrect as thyroid hormones decrease blood cholesterol levels. Choice D is correct as thyroid hormones do increase heat production through their effects on metabolism.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statements about progestins is True:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: A: Progesterone is rapidly absorbed as it has high bioavailability. B: Progesterone is metabolized in the liver to pregnanediol and conjugated with glucuronic acid. C: Progestins and their metabolites are excreted in urine, indicating systemic circulation. Therefore, D is correct as all statements are true.
Question 4 of 5
Antigen is any of various substances, including toxins, bacteria, and the cells of transplanted organs, that when introduced into the body stimulate the production of antibodies. It is also called an allergen or immunogen. This consideration is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Antigens are indeed substances that trigger an immune response by stimulating antibody production. This is a fundamental concept in immunology. The other choices are incorrect because: - B: FALSE is incorrect because the statement in the question is true. - C: All is incorrect because it implies all choices are correct, which is not the case. - D: None is incorrect because there is a correct answer in this case, which is option A.
Question 5 of 5
Mechanism of action of tacrolimus (FK-506) is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Choice D (Inhibits calcineurin): 1. Tacrolimus binds to FK-binding protein, forming a complex that inhibits calcineurin. 2. Calcineurin inhibition blocks T-cell activation by preventing dephosphorylation of NFAT, hindering IL-2 production. 3. This suppresses immune response in transplant recipients. Summary: A: Inhibiting CD3 receptor is the mechanism of action of other drugs like anti-CD3 antibodies, not tacrolimus. B: Complement-mediated cytolysis is unrelated to tacrolimus. C: Substitution for deficient immunoglobulins is not the mechanism of action of tacrolimus, which targets T-cell activation.