Which of the following muscles IS named after its location in the body?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Triceps brachii indicates location ( brachii, arm) and origins ( tri-, three). Sartorius is whimsical (tailor's muscle), soleus reflects shape (sandal), and trapezius shape (trapezoid). Brachii's arm-specificity marks it as location-named, distinguishing it from action or whimsical terms, aiding anatomical clarity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Size hierarchy: muscle (organ) contains fasciculi (fibre bundles), then muscle fibres (cells), then myofibrils (fibre-length). Sarcomeres (2 micrometres) and myofilaments are within myofibrils, myosin is molecular. Only 'muscle, fasciculus, fibre, myofibril' descends correctly, distinguishing organizational scale, key to muscle structure understanding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Disuse atrophy muscle shrinkage from inactivity occurs with immobilization, reducing stimulation despite intact nerves. Denervation atrophy follows nerve loss, dystrophy is genetic degeneration, and hypertrophy is growth. Disuse atrophy's link to lack of use distinguishes it, key to rehabilitation contexts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, using oxygen to generate ATP from pyruvate, yielding high energy for sustained effort. Glycolysis is anaerobic or preparatory, gluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose. This oxygen-dependent process distinguishes it, key to endurance muscle energy, contrasting with anaerobic pathways.