Which of the following metabolic alterations may be associated with chronic alcohol abuse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Severe loss of potassium and magnesium. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to gastrointestinal issues, causing malabsorption of essential nutrients like potassium and magnesium. This can result in electrolyte imbalances, leading to severe loss of these minerals. Hyperglycemia (A) is not typically associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Increased serum phosphate (B) levels are not commonly seen with alcohol abuse. Decreased serum sodium (D) is not a typical metabolic alteration associated with chronic alcohol abuse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity such as cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. It can also cause orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances. Explanation: 1. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that exerts anticholinergic effects, leading to peripheral atropine-like toxicity. 2. Anticholinergic effects can cause cycloplegia, tachycardia, urinary retention, and constipation. 3. Additionally, amitriptyline can lead to orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, weight gain, and sexual disturbances. Summary of other choices: A: Sertaline - Known for causing fewer anticholinergic side effects compared to tricy

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lorazepam. Lorazepam is less likely to cause cumulative and residual effects with multiple doses due to its shorter half-life compared to the other benzodiazepines listed. Its shorter half-life means it is metabolized and eliminated from the body more quickly, reducing the risk of accumulation and residual effects. Choice A, Clorazepate, is a prodrug with active metabolites that can lead to accumulation with repeated dosing. Choice B, Quazepam, has a long half-life which increases the risk of cumulative effects. Choice D, Prazepam, also has active metabolites that can accumulate over time, leading to residual effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: General anesthesia involves analgesia to block pain signals. Step 2: It causes loss of consciousness by inhibiting sensory and autonomic reflexes. Step 3: It induces amnesia to prevent memory formation during the procedure. Step 4: Therefore, all the elements - analgesia, loss of consciousness, and amnesia - are essential components of general anesthesia, making choice D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect because they individually do not cover all the necessary aspects of general anesthesia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Zileutin is a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor. Step 2: Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators produced by the body. Step 3: By inhibiting leukotriene production, zileutin reduces inflammation. Step 4: Therefore, the statement "Zileutin prevents the production of leukotrienes" is TRUE. Summary: Choice A is correct because zileutin indeed prevents the production of leukotrienes, leading to reduced inflammation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the mechanism of action of zileutin.