Which of the following medications may produce a false-negative pregnancy test?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Anticonvulsant medications, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, can interfere with pregnancy tests by affecting the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the body. HCG is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests. These medications may potentially lead to a false-negative result on a pregnancy test for women who are actually pregnant. Therefore, in the case of Almira, who is 6 months pregnant and taking anticonvulsant medication due to the risk of producing a false-negative pregnancy test result, healthcare providers should consider other clinical indicators, such as abdominal cramps and vaginal spotting, to assess her pregnancy status.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The diagnostic examination for osteoporosis typically involves measuring bone density. This is usually done through a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, which is considered the gold standard for assessing bone density. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fractures. Measuring bone density helps in diagnosing osteoporosis by identifying areas of low bone density, assessing the risk of fractures, and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Weight, blood volume, and height are not directly used as primary indicators for diagnosing osteoporosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statement II is correct because the use of corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions can lead to the development of Cushing's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An abdominal ultrasound is the imaging test that uses a transducer and is most commonly ordered by physicians to detect gallstones. This non-invasive procedure allows the physician to visualize the gallbladder and detect any presence of gallstones. The transducer emits sound waves that bounce off the gallstones, creating images that can be seen on a screen. This imaging test is safe, reliable, and effective in diagnosing gallstones without the use of radiation or contrast dye.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In-service training programs are specifically designed to provide continuing education and professional development for employees within a particular organization, in this case, a hospital. These programs are tailored to meet the needs of the staff and enhance their skills and knowledge within their work environment. Since the CPD program in the tertiary hospital is aimed at enriching and supporting the growth of the nurses' knowledge and expertise within the hospital setting, it falls under the category of an in-service training program.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In documenting procedures, it is essential to record information that is relevant to the specific procedure done. Recording the date (A), lot number (C), and needle gauge (D) are critical details that provide important context and traceability for the procedure performed. The date helps to keep track of when the procedure was conducted. The lot number is essential for tracking the specific batch of materials used in the procedure. The needle gauge is important for ensuring the appropriate equipment is used for the procedure. However, recording the manufacturer (B) is not necessary for documenting the procedures as it does not directly impact the quality or traceability of the procedure itself.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When a patient with terminal cancer experiences dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and anxiety, opioid medications are often prioritized by palliative care providers for symptom management. Opioids are effective in relieving dyspnea by acting as respiratory depressants and reducing the feeling of air hunger. Additionally, opioids have sedative effects that can help alleviate anxiety and promote relaxation. Therefore, in this situation, prescribing opioid medications would be the most appropriate intervention to address both the dyspnea and anxiety symptoms simultaneously. Oxygen therapy, relaxation techniques, and breathing exercises may also be useful adjunctive interventions, but opioid medications are typically prioritized for immediate symptom relief in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Antipsychotic medications can cause metabolic side effects, including hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Patients with bipolar disorder who are prescribed antipsychotic medications are at risk for developing new-onset diabetes or exacerbating preexisting diabetes. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential to detect hyperglycemia early and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. While hypertension, hypotension, and hypernatremia are possible side effects of certain medications, they are not typically associated with antipsychotic medications commonly used in the management of bipolar disorder. Hyperglycemia is a serious concern in this population due to the risk of developing diabetes or worsening of existing diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the major differences between Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is that Hodgkin's lymphoma is considered potentially curable, while non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is typically not curable. Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are not found in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Additionally, Hodgkin's lymphoma tends to spread in a more orderly and predictable manner through the lymph nodes, making it easier to treat and potentially cure with the appropriate combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplant. On the other hand, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a diverse group of lymphomas that can vary greatly in presentation, behavior, and response to treatment, with some subtypes being more aggressive and resistant to treatment. Therefore, the potential for cure is higher in Hodgkin's lymphoma compared to non-Hodgkin's lymph