Which of the following medications may be effective in reversing the signs and symptoms of dystonia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine is an anticholinergic medication that can effectively reverse the signs and symptoms of dystonia by blocking acetylcholine receptors. This helps reduce muscle spasms and involuntary movements associated with dystonia. Promethazine (A) and morphine sulfate (B) are not typically used to treat dystonia. Lidocaine (C) is a local anesthetic and is not effective in treating dystonia. Diphenhydramine is the most appropriate choice due to its mechanism of action in blocking acetylcholine receptors, making it effective in reversing dystonia symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Level B. Level B personal protective clothing provides the highest respiratory system protection with a supplied-air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. This level offers a lower level of skin protection compared to Level A, which provides the highest level of both respiratory and skin protection. Level D does not provide any respiratory or skin protection, making it the least protective option. Level C offers a balance of respiratory and skin protection, but it is not as high as Level B for respiratory protection. Therefore, Level B is the best choice for high respiratory protection while sacrificing some level of skin protection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Prevent secondary brain injury." In managing severe head injury with a GCS of 6, preventing secondary brain injury is crucial. Lowering intracranial pressure and optimizing cerebral perfusion are essential to prevent further damage. Administering an osmotic diuretic (A) may be considered but is not the priority in this scenario. Aggressively treating systemic hypertension (C) can potentially worsen cerebral perfusion. Reducing metabolic requirements of the brain (D) is important but not as immediate as preventing secondary brain injury.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate needle positioning in intraosseous infusion. This step ensures that the needle is within the medullary space, allowing for safe and effective administration of fluids or medications. Option A is incorrect because various fluids, including blood products and medications, can be infused via intraosseous route. Option C is incorrect as intravenous access is preferred over intraosseous in small children. Option D is incorrect since intraosseous infusion is a temporary measure until vascular access is established.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is "Moist heat" for treating frostbite. Moist heat helps to gradually warm the affected area, promoting blood flow and reducing tissue damage. This method is recommended because sudden temperature changes can worsen the condition. Choice B, early amputation, is incorrect as it is an extreme measure and should only be considered as a last resort in severe cases where tissue has already died. Choice C, padding and elevation, can help reduce swelling and promote circulation but may not be sufficient as the sole treatment for frostbite. Choice D, vasodilators and heparin, are not typically used in the initial treatment of frostbite. While vasodilators may help improve blood flow, they are not the primary recommended method for treating frostbite.