Which of the following medications may be effective in reversing the signs and symptoms of dystonia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diphenhydramine is the correct answer because it is an anticholinergic medication that can block acetylcholine receptors, which helps alleviate dystonia symptoms. Promethazine (A) is an antihistamine and does not target acetylcholine receptors. Morphine sulfate (B) is an opioid analgesic and is not used for dystonia. Lidocaine (C) is a local anesthetic and is not indicated for treating dystonia. Therefore, Diphenhydramine (D) is the most appropriate choice for reversing the signs and symptoms of dystonia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Level B. Level B protective clothing provides the highest respiratory system protection by using a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) but offers lower skin protection compared to Level A. Level D offers no respiratory or skin protection. Level C provides chemical splash protection but less respiratory protection than Level B. Level A offers the highest level of both respiratory and skin protection. In this scenario, Level B is the best choice as it prioritizes respiratory protection while still providing some level of skin protection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Prevent secondary brain injury." In a patient with severe head injury (GCS 6), preventing secondary brain injury is crucial. This involves maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, controlling intracranial pressure, optimizing oxygenation, and avoiding factors that can exacerbate brain injury. Administering an osmotic diuretic (choice A) may help reduce intracranial pressure but does not address the overall goal of preventing secondary brain injury. Aggressively treating systemic hypertension (choice C) may lead to decreased cerebral perfusion and worsen the injury. Reducing metabolic requirements of the brain (choice D) is important but not the primary goal in this acute phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (B): 1. Aspiration of bone marrow confirms appropriate positioning of the needle: This statement is true because when the needle is correctly placed within the bone marrow cavity, aspiration of bone marrow confirms proper positioning and ensures that the infusion will be successful. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Only crystalloid solutions may be safely infused through the needle - Incorrect, as both crystalloid and colloid solutions can be infused through the intraosseous route. C: Intraosseous infusion is the preferred route for volume resuscitation in small children - Incorrect, as while it is commonly used in pediatric emergencies, it may not always be the preferred route depending on the situation. D: Intraosseous infusion may be utilized indefinitely - Incorrect, as intraosseous infusion is typically considered a temporary measure and is not meant for long-term use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Moist heat" for treating frostbite. Moist heat helps to slowly rewarm the affected area, promoting blood flow and preventing further tissue damage. It is recommended to soak the frostbitten area in warm water (not hot) for about 20-30 minutes until normal color and sensation return. Choice B: Early amputation is incorrect as it is an extreme measure and should only be considered as a last resort when there is no other option to save the limb. Choice C: Padding and elevation can help reduce swelling and pain, but it is not the primary treatment for frostbite. Choice D: Vasodilators and heparin are not recommended for treating frostbite as they may increase the risk of complications. It is crucial to prioritize rewarming the affected area with moist heat for proper treatment.