ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following medications is used to treat Helicobacter pylori infections in patients with peptic ulcers?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Clarithromycin is the correct choice because it is commonly used in combination therapy to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. It is often prescribed along with other antibiotics like amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor like omeprazole for effective eradication of the bacterium. Metronidazole is also used in H. pylori treatment regimens, but clarithromycin is more commonly preferred. Azithromycin is not typically used for H. pylori eradication. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that helps reduce stomach acid but is not directly used to treat the infection itself.
Question 2 of 5
A 70-year-old male with hypertension and heart failure is prescribed hydralazine. Hydralazine works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relaxing vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation. Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that relaxes arterial smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation, which decreases systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. This mechanism of action makes it beneficial in conditions like hypertension and heart failure. Choice B is incorrect as hydralazine does not block beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. Choice C is incorrect because hydralazine does not inhibit the action of aldosterone. Choice D is incorrect as hydralazine does not directly affect the excretion of sodium and water in the kidneys.
Question 3 of 5
Which medication is used to treat acute migraine attacks by constricting blood vessels in the brain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sumatriptan. Sumatriptan is a triptan medication that works by constricting blood vessels in the brain, reducing inflammation and pain associated with migraines. It specifically targets the serotonin receptors, which helps alleviate migraine symptoms. Aspirin (choice B) and Ibuprofen (choice D) are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that do not directly target blood vessels in the brain like Sumatriptan. Propranolol (choice C) is a beta-blocker used for migraine prevention, not for treating acute attacks by constricting blood vessels.
Question 4 of 5
A 50-year-old male with hypertension is prescribed nifedipine. Nifedipine works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that works by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. This reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Choice B (Stimulating beta-1 adrenergic receptors) is incorrect because nifedipine does not act on adrenergic receptors. Choice C (Blocking the action of angiotensin II) is incorrect as nifedipine does not target the renin-angiotensin system. Choice D (Inhibiting aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands) is incorrect as nifedipine does not directly affect aldosterone production.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following medications is a corticosteroid commonly used to reduce inflammation in conditions such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prednisone. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system, making it effective in treating conditions like asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Lorazepam, Omeprazole, and Diazepam are not corticosteroids and do not have anti-inflammatory properties. Lorazepam and Diazepam are benzodiazepines used for anxiety and seizures, while Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used for reducing stomach acid.