Which of the following medications is used to treat depression by inhibiting the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Step 2: SNRIs work by blocking the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Step 3: By inhibiting the reuptake of these neurotransmitters, duloxetine helps increase their levels in the brain, which can improve mood and alleviate depression. Step 4: Therefore, duloxetine is the correct choice for a medication that treats depression by inhibiting the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Summary: A: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), not affecting norepinephrine. C: Sertraline is also an SSRI, not targeting norepinephrine reuptake. D: Venlafaxine is an SNRI like duloxetine, but it specifically targets serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, making

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because all three medications, Diphenhydramine, Loratadine, and Cetirizine, are antihistamines that work by blocking histamine receptors. Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with sedating effects, Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine with non-sedating properties, and Cetirizine is also a second-generation antihistamine. Therefore, all of these medications can effectively reduce allergy symptoms by blocking histamine receptors. The other choices are incorrect because each of them individually is a valid antihistamine used for allergy relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluoxetine. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain, helping to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sertraline (A) and Escitalopram (D) are also SSRIs commonly used for this purpose, but Fluoxetine is specifically known for treating both anxiety and depression. Clonazepam (B) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, but it does not directly affect serotonin reuptake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased levels of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft. This helps regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of depression. Summary: - B: Increasing the release of norepinephrine and dopamine: This is incorrect as fluoxetine specifically targets serotonin reuptake, not norepinephrine or dopamine. - C: Blocking serotonin receptors: This is incorrect as fluoxetine does not block serotonin receptors but rather inhibits its reuptake. - D: Inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine: This is incorrect as fluoxetine primarily affects serotonin reuptake, not dopamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reducing inflammation in the airways. Budesonide is a corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation in the airways, making it an effective treatment for asthma. Inflammation in the airways is a key factor in asthma symptoms, and corticosteroids like budesonide help to decrease this inflammation, thereby improving breathing and reducing asthma symptoms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because budesonide does not work by blocking leukotriene receptors, inhibiting histamine release, or relaxing bronchial smooth muscle. Instead, its main mechanism of action is through its anti-inflammatory properties.