Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for the treatment of asthma by relaxing bronchial muscles?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Albuterol. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing bronchial muscles, making it easier to breathe. It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of asthma to provide quick relief of symptoms. Prednisone (A) is a corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma but does not directly relax bronchial muscles. Ipratropium (C) is an anticholinergic medication that helps open the airways but does not primarily target bronchial muscle relaxation. Methotrexate (D) is an immunosuppressant used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, not for asthma treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Metformin works by decreasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, making them more responsive to insulin. This helps to lower blood glucose levels by improving glucose uptake and utilization. Choice A is incorrect because metformin does not directly increase insulin secretion from the pancreas. Choice C is incorrect as metformin does not inhibit glucose absorption in the intestines. Choice D is incorrect as metformin primarily reduces blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity rather than increasing renal glucose excretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hair loss. Chemotherapy drugs target fast-growing cells, including hair follicles, leading to hair loss. This is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy. Increased appetite (B) is not a common side effect; in fact, many patients experience loss of appetite. Dehydration (C) can occur due to other reasons like nausea and vomiting, not directly from chemotherapy. Drowsiness (D) is more associated with certain medications or the cancer itself, not a direct side effect of chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Levothyroxine. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone T4, used to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing the deficient thyroid hormone levels in the body. It helps regulate metabolism, energy levels, and overall bodily functions. Methimazole (B) is used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the production of thyroid hormones. Fluoxetine (C) is an antidepressant, not used for thyroid conditions. Lithium (D) is used for bipolar disorder, not for hypothyroidism. In summary, Levothyroxine is the correct choice as it directly replaces the deficient thyroid hormone, while the other options are not indicated for treating hypothyroidism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver. Rosuvastatin is a statin medication that works by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a key role in the liver's production of cholesterol. By inhibiting this enzyme, rosuvastatin reduces the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver, leading to decreased levels of LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. This mechanism helps lower the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with hyperlipidemia. Choice A is incorrect because rosuvastatin does not directly inhibit the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Choice C is incorrect as rosuvastatin primarily lowers LDL cholesterol levels and has minimal impact on increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Choice D is incorrect as rosuvastatin does not directly increase the excretion of cholesterol in the bile.