Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed to manage chronic pain in patients with osteoarthritis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is commonly prescribed for managing chronic pain in osteoarthritis due to its analgesic properties. It is a non-opioid pain reliever with fewer side effects compared to opioids like morphine (A), which are typically reserved for severe pain. Methotrexate (C) is a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug used for rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoarthritis. Lisinopril (D) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for hypertension, not for pain management in osteoarthritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Alendronate is a bisphosphonate drug that works by inhibiting osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down bone tissue. By inhibiting osteoclast activity, alendronate helps to reduce bone resorption and increase bone density. This is particularly beneficial for patients with osteoporosis, as it helps to slow down bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures. Choice B is incorrect because alendronate does not directly affect calcium absorption from the intestine. Choice C is incorrect because alendronate does not promote osteoblast activity, which is responsible for building new bone tissue. Choice D is incorrect because alendronate does not increase parathyroid hormone levels; in fact, it can actually decrease parathyroid hormone levels by affecting calcium homeostasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Replacing deficient thyroid hormone. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue and weight gain. By prescribing levothyroxine, the deficient thyroid hormone levels can be restored to normal, alleviating the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Increasing the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - Levothyroxine does not directly affect TSH production; TSH is secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate the thyroid gland. C: Inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis - Levothyroxine does not inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis; it provides the body with the thyroid hormone it lacks. D: Increasing the metabolism of thyroid hormones - Levothyroxine does not increase the metabolism of thyroid hormones; it directly

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lithium. Lithium is used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing mood. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes. Carbamazepine (A) is also used to treat bipolar disorder, but it primarily targets manic episodes. Sertraline (C) is an antidepressant used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, not bipolar disorder. Lorazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and insomnia, not bipolar disorder. In summary, Lithium is the correct choice as it specifically targets mood stabilization in bipolar disorder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and pain caused by urate crystal deposits in joints. It works by inhibiting inflammatory processes. Allopurinol is used for long-term management of gout by reducing uric acid levels. Ibuprofen and Aspirin are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can help with pain but do not target the underlying cause of gout.