ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following medication types are used to decrease the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation of receptors that work on the SA node and myocardial cells, thus decreasing the force of myocardial contraction and directly reducing a patient's heart rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors on the SA node and myocardial cells, leading to decreased sympathetic stimulation. This decreases the heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction, thus reducing the workload of the heart. Alpha-adrenergic agents (A) work differently by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors. Calcium-channel blockers (C) block calcium channels in the heart, affecting the contractility of the heart but not specifically targeting sympathetic stimulation. Sodium-channel blockers (D) target sodium channels in the heart but do not directly reduce the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation.
Question 2 of 5
You are preparing to initiate a rapid sequence intubation on a pediatric patient who is exhibiting a borderline hypotensive state with a decreased level of consciousness and hypoventilation. He is quickly becoming hypoxic with a SpO2 of 77% and a delayed capillary refill. Which medication would be most effective in sedating this patient for the procedure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ketamine. Ketamine is the most suitable choice for sedating this pediatric patient for rapid sequence intubation due to its unique properties. Ketamine provides sedation, analgesia, and amnesia without causing respiratory depression, making it ideal for patients with borderline hypotension and hypoventilation. It also maintains airway reflexes and airway tone, which is crucial during intubation. Succinylcholine (A) is a paralytic agent, not a sedative. Midazolam (B) and Propofol (D) can cause respiratory depression and hypotension, which may worsen the patient's condition.
Question 3 of 5
You are ordered to administer 0.3 mL of epinephrine for a moderate allergic reaction. What is the preferred initial route of administration of epinephrine for an allergic reaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preferred initial route of administration of epinephrine for an allergic reaction is intramuscular (IM). This is because IM injection allows for rapid absorption and onset of action, making it effective in treating allergic reactions. Subcutaneous (A) may be slower in onset and less reliable for immediate relief. Intravenous (C) administration is reserved for severe cases where immediate effects are needed. Endotracheal (D) route is not recommended for epinephrine administration due to potential complications and lack of reliability. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate initial route for administering epinephrine in a moderate allergic reaction.
Question 4 of 5
While evaluating the twelve-lead electrocardiogram tracing of your 66-year-old cardiac history patient for the possibility of an acute myocardial infarction, you note the presence of deep symmetrically inverted T waves. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this abnormal finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ischemia. Deep symmetrically inverted T waves on an ECG are indicative of myocardial ischemia, where the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. This can lead to reversible changes in the ECG tracing. Ischemia is a common cause of T wave changes in patients with a cardiac history, suggesting ongoing heart strain. Necrosis (choice A) would typically present with pathological Q waves on ECG, not T wave inversions. Hyperkalemia (choice C) may cause peaked T waves, not symmetrically inverted ones. Hypokalemia (choice D) can lead to flattened or U-shaped T waves, not deep symmetric inversions.
Question 5 of 5
Indication for chest tube insertion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct indication for chest tube insertion is "Massive hemothorax" (Choice C). This is because a massive hemothorax refers to a significant collection of blood in the pleural space, which can lead to compromised lung function and hemodynamic instability. A chest tube is necessary to drain the blood and prevent further complications. Incorrect choices: A: "Pneumothorax" - Chest tube insertion is typically indicated for tension pneumothorax, not simple pneumothorax. B: "Pneumomediastinum" - A chest tube is not typically needed for pneumomediastinum unless there are associated complications. D: "Diaphragmatic rupture" - Chest tube insertion is not the primary intervention for diaphragmatic rupture; surgical repair may be necessary.