ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following medication types are used to decrease the workload of the heart by blocking sympathetic stimulation of receptors that work on the SA node and myocardial cells, thus decreasing the force of myocardial contraction and directly reducing a patient's heart rate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers decrease the workload of the heart by blocking the sympathetic stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action results in a decrease in heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction. By blocking these receptors, beta-blockers reduce the impact of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the heart, leading to a decrease in the heart's workload. A: Alpha-adrenergic agents primarily work on alpha-adrenergic receptors and do not have the same effect on decreasing the workload of the heart. C: Calcium-channel blockers work by blocking calcium channels in the heart and blood vessels, leading to vasodilation and decreased contractility of the heart. While they can reduce the heart's workload, they do not primarily target sympathetic stimulation of receptors working on the SA node and myocardial cells. D: Sodium-channel blockers primarily affect the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart and are used for different purposes, such as
Question 2 of 5
You are preparing to initiate a rapid sequence intubation on a pediatric patient who is exhibiting a borderline hypotensive state with a decreased level of consciousness and hypoventilation. He is quickly becoming hypoxic with a SpO2 of 77% and a delayed capillary refill. Which medication would be most effective in sedating this patient for the procedure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ketamine. Ketamine is the most effective choice for sedating this pediatric patient for rapid sequence intubation due to its properties of providing sedation, analgesia, and maintenance of airway reflexes. Its rapid onset and short duration of action make it ideal for this situation. Additionally, ketamine can help maintain the patient's blood pressure and respiratory drive, which is crucial in a borderline hypotensive state with hypoventilation. Succinylcholine (A) is a paralytic agent and does not provide sedation or analgesia, so it would not address the patient's need for sedation. Midazolam (B) and Propofol (D) are sedatives but may cause respiratory depression and hypotension, which could worsen the patient's condition. Therefore, they are not the most appropriate choices in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
You are ordered to administer 0.3 mL of epinephrine for a moderate allergic reaction. What is the preferred initial route of administration of epinephrine for an allergic reaction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preferred initial route of administration for epinephrine in an allergic reaction is intramuscular (IM) injection (Choice B) because it ensures rapid absorption and onset of action. Epinephrine acts quickly when injected into the muscle, reaching the bloodstream efficiently to counteract allergic reactions. Subcutaneous (Choice A) administration may lead to slower absorption. Intravenous (Choice C) administration is too invasive and can result in rapid, potentially dangerous effects. Endotracheal (Choice D) administration is not recommended for epinephrine as it is not a standard route and may not provide the desired therapeutic effects.
Question 4 of 5
While evaluating the twelve-lead electrocardiogram tracing of your 66-year-old cardiac history patient for the possibility of an acute myocardial infarction, you note the presence of deep symmetrically inverted T waves. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this abnormal finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Inverted T waves are typically indicative of myocardial ischemia. Ischemia leads to altered repolarization of the ventricles, causing T wave inversions. Necrosis (choice A) would manifest as pathological Q waves rather than T wave inversions. Hyperkalemia (choice C) would cause peaked T waves, not inverted T waves. Hypokalemia (choice D) could lead to U waves or flattened T waves, but not deep symmetric T wave inversions. Therefore, choice B (Ischemia) is the most likely cause based on the presented scenario and ECG findings.
Question 5 of 5
Indication for chest tube insertion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, "Massive hemothorax." Chest tube insertion is indicated for draining blood or other fluids from the pleural space to restore normal lung function. Massive hemothorax refers to a significant accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity, which can lead to respiratory compromise. Inserting a chest tube helps evacuate the blood, relieve pressure on the lungs, and prevent complications like tension pneumothorax. Choice A, "Pneumothorax," usually requires chest tube insertion for air drainage, not blood. Choice B, "Pneumomediastinum," typically does not require chest tube insertion but may need conservative management. Choice D, "Diaphragmatic rupture," may lead to hemothorax, but chest tube insertion would be indicated for the hemothorax itself, not the diaphragmatic rupture.