Which of the following media is used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thayer-Martin agar. This selective media contains antibiotics that inhibit the growth of other organisms while allowing Neisseria gonorrhoeae to grow. The antibiotics in Thayer-Martin agar include vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim, which target different types of bacteria, ensuring the isolation of N. gonorrhoeae. Phenylethyl alcohol agar (A) is used to isolate gram-positive organisms, not N. gonorrhoeae. MacConkey agar (C) is selective for gram-negative enteric bacteria. Mannitol salt agar (D) is used for isolating Staphylococcus species based on their ability to ferment mannitol.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propionibacterium acnes. This bacterium plays a key role in acne formation by colonizing hair follicles, leading to inflammation and acne lesions. It produces fatty acids that contribute to the development of acne. Staphylococcus aureus (A) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (B) are not directly linked to acne. Streptococcus pyogenes (C) is associated with skin infections but not acne. In summary, Propionibacterium acnes is the primary bacterium responsible for acne due to its ability to induce inflammation and follicular blockages.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: rectum. Pinworms typically inhabit the rectum area in humans, where they lay their eggs. This is because the female pinworm migrates to the rectum at night to deposit her eggs near the anus. Other choices are incorrect because pinworms do not reside in the duodenum (A), ileum (B), or transverse colon (C) as their primary location is in the lower gastrointestinal tract near the anus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: pericarditis. Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause chest pain, fever, and other symptoms related to the heart. Peritonitis (A) is inflammation of the peritoneum, not the pericardium. Myocardial infarction (C) is a heart attack caused by a blockage in the coronary arteries, not inflammation of the pericardium. Anemia (D) is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, not related to inflammation of the pericardium.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: cytomegalovirus (CMV). Congenital CMV infections are caused by the transmission of CMV from a pregnant woman to her fetus. CMV is a type of herpes virus, not a coronavirus (A), herpes simplex virus (B), or Epstein-Barr virus (D). CMV is known to cause serious health issues in newborns, making it crucial to identify and manage during pregnancy.