Which of the following mechanisms would you associate with an antago- nist drug action?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an antagonist drug binds to postsynaptic receptors and blocks the normal action of the neurotransmitter. By blocking these receptors, the antagonist prevents the neurotransmitter from exerting its effects, effectively inhibiting its action. This results in a decrease or inhibition of the physiological response that would typically occur. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A: This describes an agonist drug, not an antagonist, as it mimics the effect of the neurotransmitter. B: This describes a drug that blocks auto receptor function, not an antagonist drug. C: This describes a drug that increases neurotransmitter synthesis, which is not related to the mechanism of action of an antagonist drug.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: GABA. GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) is considered the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It works by reducing the activity of neurons, leading to a calming or inhibitory effect. Serotonin (A) and histamine (B) are involved in mood regulation and wakefulness, respectively, but they are not primarily inhibitory. Glutamate (C) is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, enhancing neuronal activity rather than inhibiting it.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Mesocortical pathway. This pathway is responsible for cognitive functions and emotional responses. Decreased dopamine levels in the Mesocortical pathway lead to negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as cognitive deficits and flattened affect. The other pathways (A, B, C) are not associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A: Nigrostriatal pathway is linked to motor control; B: Tuberoinfundibular pathway is involved in regulating prolactin release; C: Mesolimbic pathway is associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, D is the correct choice based on the role of the Mesocortical pathway in producing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ziprasidone is associated with QT prolongation, which can lead to serious cardiac issues like myocardial infarction and heart failure. This contraindication is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications. Choices A and B are incorrect as they are not specific contraindications for ziprasidone. Choice C is also incorrect as liver disease is not a major contraindication for ziprasidone. Hence, option D is the correct answer due to its direct link to cardiac risks associated with ziprasidone use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because involving the patient's family in care planning and decision-making shows understanding of the family's role in patient care. It promotes collaboration and holistic care. Choice A is incorrect as it disregards family involvement. Choice C is incorrect as it isolates the patient from family support. Choice D is incorrect as it overlooks the potential benefits of family involvement. Overall, choice B aligns with patient-centered care and recognizes the importance of family support in promoting positive health outcomes.