Which of the following maternal complications is associated with cesarean section?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Intraoperative bladder or bowel injuries. This complication is associated with cesarean sections due to the surgical nature of the procedure. During a cesarean section, the surgeon must navigate through the abdominal cavity to reach the uterus, which puts the nearby structures such as the bladder and bowel at risk for injury. Option B) Endomyometriosis is incorrect because it is a condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus, and it is not specifically associated with cesarean sections. Option C) Failure to progress in labor is incorrect because it refers to a situation where labor is not progressing as expected, leading to the need for interventions such as cesarean section, but it is not a maternal complication associated with cesarean sections per se. Option D) Placenta previa is incorrect because it is a condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and covers part or all of the cervix, increasing the risk of bleeding during labor and delivery. While placenta previa can be a reason for a cesarean section, it is not a maternal complication specifically associated with cesarean sections. In an educational context, understanding the potential maternal complications associated with cesarean sections is crucial for nurses caring for postpartum mothers. It helps them anticipate and manage any postoperative complications effectively, ensuring the well-being of both the mother and the newborn. By knowing the risks and signs of complications such as intraoperative bladder or bowel injuries, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to mothers recovering from cesarean sections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Maternal diabetes. Maternal diabetes is the most common cause of neonatal hypoglycemia due to the fetus being exposed to high levels of glucose in utero. When the baby is born, their insulin production remains high to counter the excess glucose, leading to hypoglycemia as they are no longer receiving the high glucose levels from the mother. Option A) Prematurity is not the most common cause of neonatal hypoglycemia, although preterm infants are at higher risk due to their immature liver function. Option B) Intrauterine growth restriction can lead to neonatal hypoglycemia, but it is not the most common cause. Babies with intrauterine growth restriction may have decreased glycogen stores, predisposing them to hypoglycemia. Option D) Asphyxia can also result in neonatal hypoglycemia, but it is not the most common cause. Asphyxia can lead to decreased glycogen stores and increased metabolic demands, contributing to hypoglycemia. Educationally, understanding the common causes of neonatal hypoglycemia is crucial for nurses caring for newborns, especially those born to mothers with diabetes. Recognizing the risk factors and signs of hypoglycemia early can help prevent complications and promote optimal outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of a neonate diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), the recommended treatment is option B) Morphine or methadone. This is because NAS occurs when a baby is exposed to addictive substances in utero and experiences withdrawal symptoms after birth. Morphine or methadone is used to help manage the withdrawal symptoms in a controlled manner to prevent severe complications. Option A) Antibiotics are not the correct treatment for NAS as it is not an infection that requires antibiotic therapy. Option C) Surfactant therapy is used to treat respiratory distress syndrome, not NAS. Option D) Oxygen therapy may be needed in some cases of NAS to support the baby's respiratory function, but it is not the primary treatment for NAS. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome is crucial for nurses working in pediatric settings. By knowing the correct interventions, nurses can provide safe and effective care for infants with NAS, ensuring their well-being and helping them through the withdrawal process with minimal complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most important aspect of caring for a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia after birth is to maintain airway patency (Option A). This is crucial because in diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal contents can move into the chest cavity, leading to lung compression and respiratory distress. Ensuring a clear airway allows for adequate oxygenation and ventilation, which is vital for the neonate's survival. Administering oxygen therapy (Option B) is important in respiratory support but is secondary to ensuring a patent airway. Oxygen therapy can help improve oxygen saturation levels, but without a clear airway, its effectiveness is limited. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Option C) is not directly related to the immediate care of a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia. While monitoring blood glucose is important in neonatal care, it is not the priority in this situation. Providing adequate nutrition (Option D) is essential for overall neonatal care but is not the most critical aspect in the immediate care of a neonate with a diaphragmatic hernia. Without addressing the airway issue first, providing nutrition may not be effective or even possible. In an educational context, understanding the priority interventions in caring for neonates with specific conditions like diaphragmatic hernia is crucial for nurses, especially those preparing for exams like the NCLEX. This knowledge ensures that nurses can provide safe and effective care, prioritizing interventions based on the needs of the neonate to achieve optimal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Verbalizes desire to go to the bathroom. This is the most appropriate sign indicating a child's readiness for toilet training. When a child can communicate their need to use the bathroom, it shows cognitive development and understanding of bodily functions. This communication is essential for successful toilet training as it allows the child to express their needs effectively. Option A) Demonstrating dryness for 4 hours is not a reliable indicator of readiness for toilet training as it can vary based on factors like fluid intake and bladder capacity. It is more important for the child to recognize the sensation of needing to go to the bathroom and communicate it. Option B) Demonstrating ability to sit and walk is a developmental milestone but not directly related to readiness for toilet training. While physical abilities are important for toilet training, they are not the primary indicators of readiness. Option C) Having a new sibling for stimulation is unrelated to toilet training readiness. While changes in the family environment can impact a child, it is not a specific sign of readiness for toilet training. Educationally, it is crucial for parents to understand the developmental signs of readiness for toilet training to ensure a positive and successful experience for both the child and the family. Encouraging open communication and recognizing the child's cues are key aspects of toilet training readiness. By educating parents on these signs, nurses can support families in navigating this important milestone in their child's development.