Which of the following match with the definition: a poor output of urine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Oliguria is low urine output (<400 mL/day) not pyuria (pus), enuresis (incontinence), or diuresis (excess). This defines reduced flow, critical for renal assessment, contrasting with other terms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ANP inhibits aldosterone/ADH, reducing water/Na+ reabsorption all apply. This defines natriuretic effect, key for volume reduction, contrasting with single actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intercalated cells in the collecting tubule maintain acid-base balance secrete H (type A) or HCO₃⁻ (type B) to adjust pH (e.g., via H -ATPase). Principal cells manage water/Na ADH/aldosterone-driven, not pH. Podocytes filter in the glomerulus no tubular role. Juxtaglomerular cells release renin blood pressure-focused. Intercalated cells' pH regulation distinguishes them, key to distal acid-base correction, unlike water, filtration, or vascular cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Untreated -10 mmHg NFP leads to acute renal failure (ARF) no filtration (e.g., shock) causes acute injury, oliguria. Chronic kidney disease is progressive not acute. Diuresis needs filtration opposite here. Stable GFR requires positive NFP unfeasible. ARF's acute onset distinguishes it, key to hypoperfusion consequences, unlike chronic, diuretic, or stable outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ADH doesn't directly affect sodium reabsorption targets water via aquaporins (e.g., collecting duct). Increased GFR raises Na filtration reabsorption adjusts. Aldosterone boosts Na retention ENaC channels. Natriuretic hormone inhibits Na reabsorption e.g., ANP. ADH's water focus distinguishes it, key to osmolality, unlike GFR, hormonal Na regulators.