ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following ligaments attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: falciform ligament. The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and separates the right and left lobes of the liver. It is a broad, thin ligament that resembles a sickle. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The coronary ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm, not the abdominal wall. C: The quadrate ligament attaches the liver to the gallbladder and the lesser curvature of the stomach. D: The caudate ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm and is not directly related to the abdominal wall attachment.
Question 2 of 5
Parasympathetic stimulation causes endocrine cells in the stomach to release the hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation triggers the release of gastrin from endocrine cells in the stomach. Gastrin plays a key role in promoting gastric acid secretion and stimulating gastric motility. This hormone is essential for regulating digestion. Incorrect choices: B: Pepsinogen is an inactive form of pepsin, which is not released by endocrine cells in the stomach. C: Histamine is released by mast cells and enterochromaffin-like cells, not endocrine cells in the stomach. D: Secretin is released by the S cells in the duodenum in response to low pH in the small intestine, not by endocrine cells in the stomach.
Question 3 of 5
One of the major functions of bile salts is to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because bile salts emulsify fat into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. This aids in fat digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect as bile salts do not directly break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C is incorrect as bile salts do not break down fats into cholesterol and lecithin. Choice D is incorrect as bile salts do not emulsify fats to bilirubin, but rather help in the digestion of fats.
Question 4 of 5
Most of the enzymes produced in the large intestine and the formation of Vitamin K occurs in
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bacteria. Enzymes in the large intestine are primarily produced by the gut microbiota, which are bacteria residing in the colon. These bacteria play a crucial role in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the production of certain vitamins, including Vitamin K. Goblet cells (A) produce mucus, simple columnar cells (B) are involved in absorption, and teniae coli (C) are muscle bands in the colon - none of which are directly responsible for enzyme production or Vitamin K synthesis in the large intestine.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement about intestinal 'brakes' and 'accelerators' is FALSE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because dietary starch does not cause insulin release from the pancreas, but rather stimulates the release of incretin hormones like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These incretins help regulate blood sugar levels postprandially and do not directly affect intestinal motility. Incorrect choices: B: Food in the stomach causing gastrin release is true and stimulates acid secretion. C: Short-chain fatty acids moving from colon to caecum promoting ileo-caecal motility is true. D: The arrival of lipid in the duodenum causing a reduction in motility is true.