Which of the following is unlikely to recur in transplant kidney?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: ADPKD doesn't recur in transplants native cysts remain, new kidney unaffected (genetic, not systemic). Hyperoxaluria type 1 recurs oxalate damages graft. Atypical HUS (complement) can relapse systemic. Glomerulonephritis (e.g., IgA) often returns immune-driven. ADPKD's non-recurrence distinguishes it, critical for transplant prognosis, unlike systemic or immune risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Inguinal hernia before 6 months is common doesn't suggest DSD (disorder of sex development). Delayed puberty (gonadal dysfunction), cyclical haematuria (e.g., uterine remnant), and hypospadias with cryptorchidism (ambiguous genitalia) hint at DSD genetic/hormonal issues. Hernia's normalcy distinguishes it, key to excluding routine findings, unlike DSD-linked anomalies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alfuzosin minimally affects ejaculatory function less selective for alpha-1a receptors in seminal vesicles/prostate, reducing retrograde ejaculation risk. Tamsulosin and silodosin, highly alpha-1a selective, disrupt emission common side effect. Naftopidil (less studied) also impacts ejaculation similar selectivity. Alfuzosin's broader profile distinguishes it, key to preserving sexual function in LUTS treatment, unlike selective blockers' ejaculatory interference.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Proteins are too large to filter into Bowman's capsule, unlike glucose, uric acid, and creatinine (small molecules). This distinguishes filtration selectivity, critical for normal renal function, contrasting with filtered solutes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angiotensin II targets blood vessels (vasoconstriction) and adrenal cortex (aldosterone release), not nerves, medulla (catecholamines), or nephron directly. This specifies RAAS effects, critical for sodium retention, contrasting with other systems.