ATI RN
Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is true of the vasculature of kidneys?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blood vessels enter and exit the kidney at the renal hilum, which is where the renal pelvis becomes the ureter. This is important for renal blood supply and urine drainage. A: Renal arteries are posterior to the renal veins, not anterior. C: The left renal artery is shorter and lower than the right renal artery due to the position of the aorta. D: The left renal vein is longer and higher than the right renal vein, as it has a longer course to reach the inferior vena cava.
Question 2 of 5
A 60-year-old male has come to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Six months ago, he was started on a new medication. The class of medication is most likely to cause impotence as a side effect; therefore, medication classes explored by the nurse are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Antihypertensives. Antihypertensive medications are known to commonly cause impotence as a side effect due to their impact on blood flow and circulation. This can affect erectile function in males. Antipyretics (A) are used to reduce fever, bronchodilators (B) are used to treat respiratory conditions, and corticosteroids (C) are anti-inflammatory medications. These classes of medications are not typically associated with impotence as a side effect.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following antibiotics requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in a patient with liver disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vancomycin. Vancomycin requires close monitoring and dosing adjustment in patients with liver disease because it is primarily eliminated by the kidneys, but can also be partially metabolized by the liver. In liver disease, the liver's ability to metabolize drugs may be impaired, leading to potential toxic levels of vancomycin in the body. Erythromycin (A) can also be affected by liver disease, but it mainly requires dose adjustment in severe liver impairment. Gentamycin (B) is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease. Penicillin G (D) is mainly excreted through the kidneys and does not require dose adjustment in liver disease.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting folate synthesis in bacteria and it is advisable to drink 8 ounces of water during this drug’s use because it may cause crystalluria and subsequent kidney stone formation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sulfonamides. Sulfonamides inhibit folate synthesis in bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase. This leads to disruption of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in bacteria. Drinking 8 ounces of water during sulfonamide use helps prevent crystalluria and subsequent kidney stone formation by ensuring adequate hydration to flush out the drug and its metabolites. Vancomycin (A) acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, Linezolid (B) inhibits protein synthesis, and Penicillin (D) inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis through interference with transpeptidation reactions.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the most appropriate choice of treating aspergillosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct choice for treating aspergillosis is B: Amphotericin B. It is the most appropriate due to its broad antifungal spectrum, including activity against Aspergillus species. Amphotericin B is often considered the first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Terbinafine (A) is more commonly used for dermatophyte infections, not aspergillosis. Flucytosine (C) is mainly used for Cryptococcal infections. Itraconazole (D) may have some activity against Aspergillus, but it is generally less effective than Amphotericin B for invasive cases.