Which of the following is true for glucagon?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because glucagon is a hormone released by the pancreas in response to low blood sugar levels. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, which is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and glycerol. This helps increase blood glucose levels. Choice B is incorrect because glucagon actually inhibits the secretion of insulin by beta cells. Choice C is incorrect because glucagon does not inhibit glucose utilization by skeletal muscle; instead, it promotes the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose. Choice D is incorrect because glucagon does not inhibit the uptake of amino acids by cells; it actually promotes the breakdown of stored energy sources like glycogen and fat.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Piperidines; i.e. Loratadine, Fexofenadine. Second-generation antihistamines like Loratadine and Fexofenadine belong to the piperidine category. Second-generation antihistamines are preferred over first-generation due to their lower sedative effects and longer duration of action. Alkylamines (A), Ethylenediamines (C), and Phenothiazines (D) are not classified as second-generation antihistamines and are associated with more sedation and anticholinergic side effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because vitamin A does not act as a hormone involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. A: This statement is true as vitamin A is essential for the transmission of light stimuli to the brain through the formation of visual pigment in the retina. B: This statement is true as retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in various tissues. C: This statement is true as retinoic acid is important during embryogenesis for proper development. In summary, vitamin A is not involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, making statement D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Hyperlipoproteinemia is indeed a condition characterized by elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood. Lipoproteins carry cholesterol and other fats through the bloodstream. The high levels of lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Explanation of other choices: B: FALSE - This is incorrect because hyperlipoproteinemia is a real medical condition. C: All - This is incorrect as it doesn't accurately reflect the specific nature of hyperlipoproteinemia. D: None - This is incorrect as hyperlipoproteinemia is a recognized medical condition with specific diagnostic criteria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Colchicine is used in the treatment of gout by preventing the migration of granulocytes to the inflamed area, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. Allopurinol (A) works by reducing uric acid production, Sulfinpyrazone (B) and Indomethacin (D) work by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption and reducing inflammation through prostaglandin inhibition, respectively. These mechanisms do not involve preventing the migration of granulocytes.