Which of the following is true about the Nurse Competence in Aging (NCA) initiative?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Nurse Competence in Aging (NCA) initiative focuses on developing resources for nurses to access evidence-based information on topics related to the care of older adults. This is evident in the initiative's goal to enhance the knowledge and skills of nurses caring for older adults. The other choices are incorrect because A is not specific to the NCA initiative, C pertains to scholarships rather than resources for accessing information, and D is incorrect as the NCA initiative did not develop the first certification in gerontological nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disengagement theory. This theory suggests that as people age, they naturally withdraw or disengage from societal roles and responsibilities. Mandatory retirement at age 65 aligns with this theory as it reflects the societal expectation of older individuals stepping back from work roles. Role theory (A) focuses on how individuals adapt to various social roles throughout their lives, not specifically related to retirement. Age-stratification theory (C) emphasizes how age impacts societal structures and opportunities, not retirement policies. Social exchange theory (D) focuses on relationships and interactions based on the exchange of resources, not specifically related to retirement age policies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Physical exercise. Engaging in physical exercise has been shown to improve blood flow to the brain, promote the growth of new brain cells, and enhance cognitive function. This helps maintain brain health and may reduce the risk of developing dementia. Other choices are not as directly related to brain health. B: Stimulating mental activity is important but not as effective as physical exercise in preventing dementia. C: Socialization is beneficial for overall well-being but does not have a direct impact on brain health. D: Crossword puzzles are a form of mental stimulation, but physical exercise has a greater impact on brain health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because loss of vision in one eye is not a typical sign or symptom of Parkinson's disease. A, B, and D are all common signs of Parkinson's disease. A - Mask-like facial expressions result from decreased facial muscle movement. B - Shuffling gait is a characteristic walking pattern in Parkinson's patients. D - Tremors without intention (at rest) are a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease due to disrupted brain signals. Therefore, C is the odd one out as it is not directly associated with Parkinson's disease manifestations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Complicated medication regimens. Older adults often have multiple medical conditions requiring several medications, leading to confusion and difficulty in following complex regimens. This complexity increases the likelihood of medication nonadherence. Lack of health literacy (A) may contribute but is not the primary factor. High cost of medications (B) and limited access to healthcare providers (C) are important barriers, but they are not as directly linked to nonadherence as the complexity of medication regimens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because walking is a physical activity that promotes cardiovascular health, strength, and overall well-being. Regular exercise like walking 3-5 times per week for 30 minutes can help improve circulation, maintain healthy weight, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Cooking healthy meals (choice B) is important for nutrition but may not directly promote physical activity. Reading and knitting (choice C) are mentally stimulating but do not provide the physical benefits of exercise. Taking vitamins daily (choice D) is important for overall health but does not substitute for physical activity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because regular repositioning every 2 hours, along with the use of pressure-relieving devices, is the most effective intervention to prevent pressure ulcers in older adults with limited mobility. Repositioning helps to redistribute pressure, reducing the risk of tissue damage. Pressure-relieving devices like cushions or mattresses further help to alleviate pressure points. Choice A is incorrect because strict bed rest and minimal repositioning can actually increase the risk of pressure ulcers by concentrating pressure on specific areas. Choice B is incorrect as high-protein diets and supplements alone do not address the primary cause of pressure ulcers, which is prolonged pressure on the skin. Choice D is incorrect because leaving wounds uncovered can increase the risk of infection and hinder the healing process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Relief from physical, emotional, and spiritual suffering. This is the best indicator of a successful transition to hospice care for older adults because hospice care focuses on providing comfort and improving quality of life rather than curative treatments. Relief from suffering aligns with the goals of hospice care, addressing the holistic needs of patients. Choice A is incorrect as complete cessation of all medical treatments may not be appropriate for all patients in hospice care. Choice B is incorrect as improvement in physical strength may not be the primary goal in hospice care. Choice D is incorrect as long-term emotional stability is important but not necessarily the best indicator of a successful transition to hospice care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because gerontological nursing focuses on promoting health and maximizing independence in older adults. This statement aligns with the core principles of gerontological nursing, which emphasize holistic care and quality of life for elderly individuals. Choice A is incorrect because nurses have been involved in caring for older adults for a long time. Choice B is incorrect because gerontological care was not the second specialty certified by the ANA. Choice D is incorrect because ANA certification is not limited only to research positions in gerontological nursing.