Which of the following is true about the liver?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The liver detoxifies drugs and alcohol. The liver contains enzymes that break down harmful substances, helping to remove toxins from the body. This process is essential for maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas, not the liver, produces digestive enzymes. Choice B is also incorrect because the gallbladder, not the liver, stores bile. Choice D is incorrect because the pancreas, not the liver, produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vagal stimulation. Vagal stimulation does not directly increase the secretion of the exocrine pancreas. Acetylcholine, Secretin, and CCK are known to stimulate pancreatic secretion through various mechanisms. Acetylcholine acts through muscarinic receptors, Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme in the duodenum, and CCK is released in response to fat and proteins in the duodenum, all leading to increased pancreatic enzyme secretion. Vagal stimulation plays a role in the parasympathetic nervous system but does not directly stimulate pancreatic secretion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because secretin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells. This helps neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. A is incorrect because secretin does not directly affect salivary secretion. B is incorrect because secretin does not relax the esophageal sphincters. C is incorrect because secretin inhibits gastric secretion rather than stimulating it. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it aligns with the physiological role of secretin in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The mucosal cells of the colon absorb Na to maintain electrolyte balance. 2. Na absorption is crucial for water reabsorption. 3. This process helps regulate stool consistency and prevent dehydration. Summary: A: Incorrect - Bile acid conversion primarily occurs in the liver. B: Incorrect - Bilirubin breakdown mainly occurs in the liver and intestines. D: Incorrect - Aromatic amino acid absorption occurs mainly in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The occult fecal blood test detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colonic carcinoma. This test is not specific for malabsorption syndrome, making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because the test is primarily used for detecting colonic carcinoma. Option D is incorrect as the test can aid in the discovery of colonic carcinoma.