Which of the following is the newborn at risk for during delivery due to green-stained amniotic fluid aspiration causing inflammation and respiratory distress?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Meconium aspiration. Meconium aspiration occurs when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid during delivery, leading to inflammation and respiratory distress. Meconium can obstruct the airways and cause chemical pneumonitis, resulting in respiratory compromise. Atelectasis (choice A) is the collapse of part or all of the lung, which can occur secondary to meconium aspiration. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (choice C) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants. Patent ductus arteriosus (choice D) is a heart condition where a blood vessel doesn't close normally after birth. Meconium aspiration is the most immediate risk for the newborn in this scenario due to its impact on the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased surface tension with increased lung compliance. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse and increasing lung compliance. This improves gas exchange and reduces the work of breathing. A: Increased pulmonary vascular resistance is incorrect as surfactant does not affect vascular resistance. B: Increased cerebral blood flow is incorrect as surfactant primarily impacts the lungs, not cerebral blood flow. D: Increased blood viscosity is incorrect as surfactant does not alter blood viscosity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory distress syndrome. In neonates, the most common cause of patent ductus arteriosus is the respiratory distress syndrome. This is because the hypoxia and acidosis associated with respiratory distress syndrome lead to the persistence of the ductus arteriosus. Oxygen therapy (A) may be needed in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome but is not the direct cause of patent ductus arteriosus. Genetic predisposition (C) is not a primary cause of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates. Necrotizing enterocolitis (D) is a condition affecting the intestines and is not directly related to the development of patent ductus arteriosus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A premature infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at the greatest risk for retinopathy of prematurity due to the prolonged exposure to oxygen therapy, which can lead to abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina. This condition can cause vision problems or even blindness. Choices A and B are common risk factors for prematurity but do not specifically increase the risk of retinopathy. Choice D, not receiving erythromycin ointment at birth, is unrelated to retinopathy risk.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place temperature probe on the infant. This is the priority intervention as it helps monitor the neonate's temperature and prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia. Monitoring the infant's temperature is crucial for maintaining thermal stability. Placing pulse oximetry (choice A) is important but not as immediate as monitoring temperature. Placing leads (choice B) is not necessary for immediate thermal stability. Placing the infant in a polyurethane bag (choice C) is not recommended as it can increase the risk of hyperthermia.