Which of the following is the most suitable anti malarial drug for pregnant women?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Quinine and clindamycin. Quinine is considered safe for use in pregnancy to treat malaria, as it has been used for many years without significant adverse effects. Clindamycin is also safe for use in pregnancy and can be used in combination with quinine to treat malaria. Atovaquone and proguanil (choice A) are not recommended for use in pregnancy due to limited safety data. Quinine and doxycycline (choice B) is not suitable for pregnant women as doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy. Primaquine (choice D) is not recommended for use during pregnancy as it can cause harm to the fetus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct - Iron absorption primarily occurs in the duodenum and upper small intestine, not the large intestine. B: Incorrect - Intrinsic factor is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption, not iron. C: Incorrect - Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) actually enhances iron absorption. D: Incorrect - Absorption is decreased in hereditary hemochromatosis, a condition of iron overload.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absolute lymphocytes. In CLL, the most important diagnostic criteria is an absolute lymphocyte count greater than 5,000/microliter. This is crucial for distinguishing CLL from other lymphoproliferative disorders. The presence of hypogammaglobulinemia (choice A) is not specific to CLL and can be seen in other conditions. Male predominance (choice C) is an epidemiological feature and not a diagnostic criterion. Enlarged lymph nodes (choice D) are a common clinical finding but do not solely confirm the diagnosis of CLL.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because heparin binds to antithrombin III, enhancing its ability to inactivate thrombin. This prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, thereby inhibiting blood clot formation. Choices A and B are incorrect because heparin does not affect vitamin K-dependent clotting factors or platelet activation. Choice C is incorrect because heparin does not directly prevent platelet aggregation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as the Philadelphia chromosome is typically found in myeloid cells, not lymphocytes. This is because the Philadelphia chromosome results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Choice A is correct as the Philadelphia chromosome results from the shortening of the long arm of chromosome 22. Choice B is incorrect as Philadelphia positivity in CML patients is associated with a worse prognosis. Choice C is correct as the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is a diagnostic hallmark of CML.