ATI RN
Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the protective effect of dietary fibre against cancer of the colon?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid formed during colonic fiber fermentation, has been shown to stimulate antioxidant defenses in the colon. This helps protect against oxidative damage, a key factor in the development of cancer. Choice A is incorrect because propionic acid does not inhibit liver fatty acid synthesis in relation to colon cancer. Choice B is incorrect because butyric acid does not silence the SLC5A8 tumor suppressor gene; in fact, it has been shown to have anti-tumor effects. Choice C is incorrect as there is evidence supporting the protective effect of dietary fiber through butyric acid's stimulation of antioxidant defenses.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following statements is true regarding arterioles?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Arterioles are smaller branches of arteries that lead to capillaries. Step 2: Arterioles are indeed less muscular than arteries but more muscular than capillaries. Step 3: Arterioles play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately describes arterioles' role in blood pressure regulation. Summary: Choice B is incorrect as arterioles are not the most muscular of major vessels. Choice C is incorrect as arterioles have significant innervation. Choice D is incorrect as arterioles do have smooth muscle and connective tissue, and they regulate blood flow efficiently.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been experiencing severe diarrhea and can now resume solid foods. The nurse educates the patient about appropriate food choices. Which food choice indicates that the nurse's teaching has been successful?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Applesauce. Applesauce is a low-fiber, easily digestible food that is gentle on the digestive system, making it an appropriate choice for someone recovering from severe diarrhea. It helps to bind stool and prevent further irritation. Whole-grain rice (choice A) and wheat toast (choice B) are high-fiber foods that may worsen diarrhea. Grapes (choice D) are high in natural sugars and can also aggravate diarrhea. In summary, the nurse's teaching is successful when the patient chooses applesauce because it is gentle on the digestive system and helps in recovery from diarrhea.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these is involved in the chemical digestion of protein?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: trypsin. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that specifically breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It works in the small intestine to continue the process of protein digestion. Pancreatic amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, sucrase (C) breaks down sucrose, and pancreatic nuclease (D) breaks down nucleic acids, not proteins. Therefore, trypsin is the only enzyme involved in the chemical digestion of protein among the choices provided.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping blood pressure medication without medical guidance can be dangerous and worsen hypertension. A is correct as reducing sodium intake helps lower blood pressure. B is correct as physical activity is beneficial. C is incorrect, as limiting alcohol intake is also important in managing hypertension.