Which of the following is the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neutrophils are the most numerous type of white blood cell (WBC) in the body, comprising about 60-70% of the total WBC count. They are a critical component of the immune system, playing a key role in fighting bacterial infections through phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying pathogens). Neutrophils are known for their rapid response to infections and are often the first responders to sites of inflammation. Their abundance and rapid mobilization make them essential in the body's defense against harmful pathogens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. The symptoms of leukemia can include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, frequent infections, fever, bruising or bleeding easily, and bone pain. Given the vague presenting symptoms and the potential involvement of multiple bodily systems, leukemia is a condition that should be suspected and investigated further. Anemia, rheumatic arthritis, and systematic lupus erythematosus can also present with some similar symptoms, but for the given scenario, leukemia is the most probable condition to suspect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Calcium is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting. When there is a cut or injury that causes bleeding, the body's clotting process is initiated to stop the bleeding. Calcium ions play a crucial role in several steps of the clotting cascade, helping to activate various clotting factors and promoting the formation of a stable blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the blood would not be able to clot properly, leading to potential complications with excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best evidence that the teaching has been effective is when the patient uses an electric razor instead of his safety razor. This action demonstrates understanding and application of the teaching to prevent bleeding in a practical way. By choosing the electric razor, the patient is actively taking steps to minimize the risk of injury and bleeding due to thrombocytopenia. This concrete behavior indicates that the patient has internalized the instructions provided by the nurse and is implementing them to protect his health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The client at risk for developing AIDS, which is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), should be advised to have an ELISA test for antibodies to check for the presence of the virus. ELISA is a standard blood test used for HIV screening because it can detect antibodies produced by the body in response to HIV infection. Early detection through testing is crucial to initiate treatment interventions and prevent further transmission of the virus. It is important for the client to undergo this test to determine their HIV status and receive appropriate medical care and support.